B1.2 Proteins HL Flashcards

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1
Q

The primary structure of a protein

A

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain, linked by peptide bonds.

This sequence determines the protein’s unique characteristics and functions

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2
Q

[True or False] Secondary protein structures are stabilized primarily by peptide bonds.

A

False

They are stabilized by hydrogen bonds formed between the backbone atoms

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3
Q

What type of protein structure is characterized by α-helices and β-pleated sheets?

A

Secondary structure

α-helices provide elasticity, while β-pleated sheets offer strength and flexibility.

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4
Q

How do tertiary structures of proteins form?

A

They form through interactions like hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and disulfide bridges between R groups of amino acids.

These interactions result in a complex 3D shape essential for protein function.

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5
Q

[Fill in the blank] Quaternary protein structures are composed of multiple __________ chains.

A

Polypeptide

Hemoglobin, a transport protein in red blood cells, is an example of a protein with quaternary structure.

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6
Q

What is the role of hydrophobic interactions in protein folding?

A

Hydrophobic interactions cause non-polar amino acid side chains to fold inwards, away from water, aiding in protein folding.

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7
Q

[True or False] All proteins have a quaternary structure.

A

False

Only some proteins, like hemoglobin, consist of more than one polypeptide chain and have a quaternary structure.

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8
Q

What type of protein is collagen and what is its primary function?

A

Collagen is a fibrous protein, providing structural support and stability to cells and tissues.

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9
Q

What distinguishes globular proteins from fibrous proteins?

A

Globular proteins are generally spherical and soluble in water, performing roles like enzyme action, while fibrous proteins are structural, insoluble in water, and provide support.

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10
Q

[Fill in the blank] The unique 3D shape of a protein, crucial for its function, is its __________ structure.

A

Tertiary

This structure allows proteins to interact specifically with other molecules.

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11
Q

What is a conjugated protein?

A

Conjugated proteins contain a non-protein component in addition to polypeptides.

Example: Hemoglobin with its iron-containing haem group.

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12
Q

[True or False] Hydrogen bonds play a crucial role in stabilizing the tertiary structure of proteins.

A

True

Hydrogen bonds between different parts of the polypeptide chain contribute to the stability of the tertiary structure.

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13
Q

What feature is common to all amino acids in a protein?

A

All amino acids have a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a unique R group.

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14
Q

How does the quaternary structure of hemoglobin facilitate its function?

A

Hemoglobin’s quaternary structure allows it to bind and transport oxygen efficiently through its multiple polypeptide subunits.

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15
Q

[Fill in the blank] Proteins that provide structural support, like tendons and bones, are typically __________ proteins.

A

Fibrous

These proteins are characterized by their long, stable structures, providing strength and resistance to forces.

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