A4.1 Evolution and speciation HL Flashcards
Allopatric Speciation
Speciation occurring due to physical separation of populations
Sympatric Speciation
Speciation occurring within the same geographic area
Geographical Isolation
Physical barriers that lead to reproductive isolation
Behavioural Isolation
Differences in mating behaviors that prevent interbreeding
Temporal Isolation
Different breeding times preventing species from mating
Adaptive Radiation
Rapid diversification of species from a common ancestor to fill various ecological niches
Hybridisation
Cross-breeding of two different species
Prezygotic Barriers
Biological factors that prevent mating or fertilization between species
Postzygotic Barriers
Factors that occur after fertilization that prevent hybrids from being viable or fertile
Marsupials in Australia
Example of adaptive radiation
Polyploidy
Presence of extra sets of chromosomes in cells
Allopolyploidy
Polyploidy resulting from hybridization between different species
Speciation in Plants
Role of polyploidy in plant speciation
Hybrid Vigor
Increased vitality or other superior qualities arising from crossbreeding
Knotweed
Example of allopolyploidy in plant speciation