B2.3 Cell specialisation HL Flashcards
How do cells adapt to increase SA:V ratios?
Through structural adaptations like flattening or forming invaginations
What adaptations do lung cells have?
Squamous epithelial cells for efficient gas exchange.
What’s special about heart muscle cells?
Cardiomyocytes with branched fibers and gap junctions.
Describe skeletal muscle cell adaptations
Long, unbranched fibers for controlled movement
What adaptations do cells in the gonads have?
Specialized for reproductive functions
What’s the purpose of mitochondrial cristae?
Increase surface area for metabolic reactions.
How are neurons adapted for their function?
Long axons and dendrites for transmitting signals.
What adaptations do epidermal cells have?
They are flattened and keratinized for protection.
Describe the adaptation of cells in the intestinal villi
Increased surface area for efficient nutrient absorption
What’s unique about photoreceptor cells in the eye?
Specialized for light detection and visual processing
