D3.1 Reproduction

Question 1

Gonads

Answer 1

Organs that produce gametes (ovaries, testes)

Question 2

Oviduct

Answer 2

Passage between ovaries and uterus - site of fertilization

Question 3

Vagina

Answer 3

Muscular Canal lined with mucus membranes

Question 4

Cervix

Answer 4

Physical barrier preventing entry of pathogens, and allows entry of sperm

Question 5

Endometrium

Answer 5

Inner layer lining the inside of the uterus - during mensuration prepares blood vessel rich layer for embryo

Question 6

Ovary

Answer 6

Produces eggs and estrogen + progesterone

Question 7

Seminal vesicle

Answer 7

Produces high fructose fluid which provides nutrients for sperm in semen, also primary adds alkaline

Question 8

Epidydermys

Answer 8

Coiled tube on top of teste - site of sperm maturation

Question 9

Testes

Answer 9

Produce sperm and testosterone

Question 10

Prostate

Answer 10

Adds alkaline (ph) to semen, neutralizing acidic vaginal PH

Question 11

Follicular phase (ovarian cycle)

Answer 11

Days 1-14 in which the follicle develops and matures

Question 12

Follicle

Answer 12

A small, fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains one immature egg

Question 13

Luteal phase (ovarian cycle)

Answer 13

Days 15-28 in which the ruptured follicle develops into the Corpus luteum

Question 14

Lutienizing Hormone (LH)

Answer 14

Triggers release of follicle, and production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone

Question 15

Follicle stimulating hormone (FHS)

Answer 15

Triggers the growth of the follicle during the follicular phase

Question 16

Estradiol (estrogen)

Answer 16

Secreted by developing follicle; develops secondary female organs (breasts, vagina & uterus)

Question 17

Progesterone

Answer 17

Secreted by corpus luteum - during pregnancy thickens the endometrium, and suppresses oxytocin

Question 18

Uterine cycle (menstruation)

Answer 18

Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease, causing the degradation of the endometrium, and release of tissue out of the vagina.

Question 19

Uterine cycle (pregnancy)

Answer 19

Estrogen and progesterone levels increase causing endometrium to thicken.

Question 20

Fertilization

Answer 20

When two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote

Question 21

Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)

Answer 21

Activates synthesis and secretion of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)

Question 22

Spermatogenesis

Answer 22

Production of sperm. Post puberty continuously produces 4 HAPLOID sperm cells which are released via ejaculation

Question 23

Oogenesis

Answer 23

Production of ovum. Cyclically produces 1 egg which is released during ovulation

Question 24

Polyspermy

Answer 24

Fertilization of egg by multiple sperm

Question 25

Zona pellucida

Answer 25

Thick extracellular coat surrounding the egg

Question 26

Acrosome reaction

Answer 26

When acrosome enzymes in the sperm digest the zona pellucida

Question 27

Cortical reaction

Answer 27

When the zona pellucida hardens after fetilization

Question 28

Blastocyst

Answer 28

Last stage before fetus -> inner cell of the blastocyst develops into the fetus and the outer layer into the placenta and amniotic sac

Question 29

Free Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 29

Bind to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Question 30

Immobilized Monoclonal antibodies

Answer 30

Fixed to a location: Capture the hCG-antibody complex formed by free antibodies binding to hCG

Question 31

Corpus Luteum

Answer 31

Formed from the ruptured follicle - secretes the hormone progesterone