D3.1 Reproduction Flashcards
Gonads
Organs that produce gametes (ovaries, testes)
Oviduct
Passage between ovaries and uterus - site of fertilization
Vagina
Muscular Canal lined with mucus membranes
Cervix
Physical barrier preventing entry of pathogens, and allows entry of sperm
Endometrium
Inner layer lining the inside of the uterus - during mensuration prepares blood vessel rich layer for embryo
Ovary
Produces eggs and estrogen + progesterone
Seminal vesicle
Produces high fructose fluid which provides nutrients for sperm in semen
Epidydermys
Coiled tube on top of teste - site of sperm maturation
Testes
Produce sperm and testosterone
Prostate
Adds alkaline (ph) to semen, neutralizing acidic vaginal PH
Follicular phase (ovarian cycle)
Days 1-14 in which the follicle develops and matures
Follicle
A small, fluid-filled sac in the ovary that contains one immature egg
Luteal phase (ovarian cycle)
Days 15-28 in which the ruptured follicle develops into the Corpus luteum
Lutienizing Hormone (LH)
Triggers release of follicle, and production of estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone
Follicle stimulating hormone (FHS)
Triggers the growth of the follicle during the follicular phase
Estradiol (estrogen)
Secreted by developing follicle; develops secondary female organs (breasts, vagina & uterus)
Progesterone
Secreted by corpus luteum - during pregnancy thickens the endometrium, and suppresses oxytocin
Uterine cycle (menstruation)
Estrogen and progesterone levels decrease, causing the degradation of the endometrium, and release of tissue out of the vagina.
Uterine cycle (pregnancy)
Estrogen and progesterone levels increase causing endometrium to thicken.
Fertilization
When two haploid gametes fuse to form a diploid zygote
Gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH)
Activates synthesis and secretion of Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH)
Spermatogenesis
Production of sperm. Post puberty continuously produces 4 HAPLOID sperm cells which are released via ejaculation
Oogenesis
Production of ovum. Cyclically produces 1 egg which is released during ovulation
Polyspermy
Fertilization of egg by multiple sperm
Zona pellucida
Thick extracellular coat surrounding the egg
Acrosome reaction
When acrosome enzymes in the sperm digest the zona pellucida
Cortical reaction
When the zona pellucida hardens after fetilization
Blastocyst
Last stage before fetus -> inner cell of the blastocyst develops into the fetus and the outer layer into the placenta and amniotic sac
Free Monoclonal antibodies
Bind to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
Immobilized Monoclonal antibodies
Fixed to a location: Capture the hCG-antibody complex formed by free antibodies binding to hCG
