B3.2 Transport

Question 1

Arteries

Answer 1

Carries high-pressure blood away from the heart to organs. Thicker wall with narrow lumen.

Question 2

Veins

Answer 2

Carries low-pressure blood toward the heart. Thin walls with wide lumen, have valves

Question 3

Lumen

Answer 3

Space where blood flows through within a blood vessel

Question 4

Capilleries

Answer 4

Highly branched structures with narrow lumen - slowing blood pressure. Have fenestrations allowing for diffusion

Question 5

Occlusion

Answer 5

Blockage of a blood vessel

Question 6

Xylem vessels

Answer 6

Transport water under low pressure. Thick walls containing lignin.

Question 7

Transpiration

Answer 7

Process by which plants lose water vapor through stomata

Question 8

Stomata

Answer 8

allow the exchange of gases (such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water vapor) between the plant and the atmosphere. Have guard cells controlling process.

Question 9

Phloem vessels

Answer 9

Transport nutrients and sugars

Question 10

Cortex

Answer 10

‘filling’ of plant stems, which strengthen and bulk out stems.

Question 11

Tissue/Intersitual fluid

Answer 11

Fluid in-between cells and tissues throughout the body

Question 12

Blood plasma

Answer 12

Combination of water, sodium ions, proteins, glucose and waste, which makes up 1/2 of blood

Question 13

Bulk flow - filtration

Answer 13

High pressure inside the capillary causes a bulk flow out of the arterial end

Question 14

Bulk flow - reabsorption

Answer 14

Low pressure inside the capillary causes a bulk flow into the venous end.

Question 15

Lymphatic system

Answer 15

Collects excess interstitial fluid containing waste & pathogens -> fluid called lymph

Question 16

Lymph nodes

Answer 16

Site where lymph is filtered and collected in large ducts which fuse with veins leading to vena cava

Question 17

Myogenic contraction

Answer 17

Muscles in the heart contract alone without brain signals

Question 18

Sinoatrial (SA) Node

Answer 18

Generate electrical impulses (initiating heart beat) - allow fore myogenic contraction

Question 19

Systole

Answer 19

Occurs when the heart is contraction -> pumping blood into the arteries

Question 20

Diastole

Answer 20

Occurs when fil the heart relaxes -> fills with blood passively

Question 21

Vena cava

Answer 21

Carries deoxygenated blood from the body to the right atrium of the heart

Question 22

Right atrium

Answer 22

Holds deoxygenated blood which goes to the heart via the vena cava, and is then pumped via the Pulmonary artery to the lungs for oxygenation.

Question 23

Pulmonary artery

Answer 23

Carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

Question 24

Pulmonary veins

Answer 24

Carries oxygenated blood from the heats to the lungs

Question 25

Left atrium

Answer 25

Pumps oxygenated blood to the body -> has thicker muscle walls