C3.2 Defense against disease

Question 1

Pathogens

Answer 1

Organisms that cause disease (Bacteria, Fungi, Virus, Prions)

Question 2

Commensal bacteria

Answer 2

Bacteria residing in the human body that are not harmful

Question 3

Platelets

Answer 3

Small fragments of blood cells that form clots to stop bleeding

Question 4

Innate immunity

Answer 4

Rapid non-specific response to pathogens - attempts to prevent entry in the first place (mucous membranes, skin..)

Question 5

Adaptive immunity

Answer 5

Slower specific response regulated by lymphocytes - stronger and longer lasting

Question 6

Lymphocytes

Answer 6

White blood cells produced in bone marrow which regulate adaptive immunity

Question 7

Helper T-Lymphocytes

Answer 7

Recognizes antigens and begins immune response: increases the number of T-cells, activates B-cells (specific to antigen), and activates cytotoxic T-cells

Question 8

Antigen

Answer 8

a toxin or other foreign substance which induces an immune response in the body

Question 9

Cytotoxic T-Lymphocytes

Answer 9

Kill antigens by producing antibodies

Question 10

B-Lymphocytes

Answer 10

Once activated (by T-cells) undergo mitosis, differentiating into plasma cells which release anti-bodies and memory cells

Question 11

HIV

Answer 11

Attacks helper-T-cells inhibiting the activation of cytotoxic T-cells and activation of B-cells

Question 12

Penicillin

Answer 12

Kills bacteria by inhibiting production of peptidoglycan (maintains rigid of cell wall), causing bacteria cells to leak.

Question 13

Function of vaccinations

Answer 13

Creates memory B cells specific to targeted antigen