A4.1 Evolution and Speciation

Question 1

Polyploidy

Answer 1

More than two sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 2

Evolution

Answer 2

Change in heritable characteristics over successive generations

Question 3

Lamarck’s theory

Answer 3

Organisms evolve within their lifetime as a result of selective pressures

Question 4

Darwin’s theory

Answer 4

Overproduction of offspring, genetic variation, and survival led to evolution over a long period of time as favorable characteristics persisted.

Question 5

Homologous structures

Answer 5

Anatomical features in different species that share similar functions & structure and have the same origin

Question 6

Analogous structures

Answer 6

Anatomical features in different species that share similar functions but have different origins

Question 7

Speciation

Answer 7

Formation of a new species from the splitting of a pre-existing one

Question 8

Geographic (allopatric) isolation

Answer 8

Geographical/physical barriers separate a species, resulting in speciation

Question 9

Behavioral (sympatric) isolation

Answer 9

Behavioral change prevents reproduction, resulting in speciation

Question 10

Temporal isolation

Answer 10

Changes in when reproduction occurs (seasons, night vs day), resulting in speciation

Question 11

Hybridization

Answer 11

Interbreeding between two species results in the creation of a new one

Question 12

Adaptive radiation

Answer 12

A single species rapidly evolves into multiple new species, each adapted to a different ecological niche