C3.1 Integration of Body Systems Flashcards

Most things can be found on the review sheet; especially blood pressure regulation process & sleep regulation

1
Q

Emergent properties

A

A property that emerges only when the parts interact in a system
(i.e interactions of body systems make a cheetah a fast)

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2
Q

Hormonal (endocrine) signaling

A

Chemical signals transmitted in the blood, which are widespread and long lasting - but are slower in their speed of response

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3
Q

Electrical (neural) signaling

A

Electrical signals transmitted via synapses/neurons, which only target muscles/glands and are short lasting - but are very rapid in their speed of response

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4
Q

Central Nervous System (CNS)

A

Brain and spinal cord

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5
Q

System integration

A

Component parts making up a system which servers a function

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6
Q

Cerebellum

A

Responsible for voluntary coordination of skeletal muscle contraction and balance.

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7
Q

Nerves

A

Bundles of nerve fibers which receive/detect information - can contain sensory & motor neurons -

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8
Q

Reflex arc

A

Rapid involuntary response to a stimulus

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9
Q

Sensory neurons

A

Receive signals from themselves or receptors and pass them as nerve impulses to the CNS

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10
Q

Receptor cells

A

Detect specific stimuli (e.g., light, sound, touch, chemicals) and convert them into electrical nerve impulses.

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11
Q

Interneurons

A

Neurons located the (CNS) that connect sensory and motor neurons - integrate, process, and relay information between incoming sensory inputs and outgoing motor outputs.

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12
Q

Motor neurons

A

Neurons that transmit signals from the (CNS) to muscles and glands, triggering movement or secretion.

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13
Q

Effectors

A

Carry out the response received from motor neurons - muscles & glands.

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14
Q

Cycadean rythem

A

Sleep/awake rhythm regulated by photoreceptors detecting light, triggering the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland

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15
Q

Suprachiasmatic nuclei cells (SNC)

A

Group of cells within the hypothalamus which control the secretion of melatonin by the pinery gland

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16
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Links the nervous system to the endocrine (hormone) system via the pituitary gland -> regulates puberty!

17
Q

Baroreceptors

A

Monitor blood pressure within the heart

18
Q

Cardiovascular center

A

Located in the medulla oblongata: processes inputs from baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and SA node to cause a change in heart rate

19
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Monitor concentrations of O2, Co2, and pH in blood

20
Q

Sinoatrial (SA)

A

Sets the heart rate by initiating each beat

21
Q

Parasympatric nervous system

A

responsible for digestion and rest

22
Q

Sympatric nervous system

A

responsible for danger