C3.1 Integration of Body Systems Flashcards
Most things can be found on the review sheet; especially blood pressure regulation process & sleep regulation
Emergent properties
A property that emerges only when the parts interact in a system
(i.e interactions of body systems make a cheetah a fast)
Hormonal (endocrine) signaling
Chemical signals transmitted in the blood, which are widespread and long lasting - but are slower in their speed of response
Electrical (neural) signaling
Electrical signals transmitted via synapses/neurons, which only target muscles/glands and are short lasting - but are very rapid in their speed of response
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Brain and spinal cord
System integration
Component parts making up a system which servers a function
Cerebellum
Responsible for voluntary coordination of skeletal muscle contraction and balance.
Nerves
Bundles of nerve fibers which receive/detect information - can contain sensory & motor neurons -
Reflex arc
Rapid involuntary response to a stimulus
Sensory neurons
Receive signals from themselves or receptors and pass them as nerve impulses to the CNS
Receptor cells
Detect specific stimuli (e.g., light, sound, touch, chemicals) and convert them into electrical nerve impulses.
Interneurons
Neurons located the (CNS) that connect sensory and motor neurons - integrate, process, and relay information between incoming sensory inputs and outgoing motor outputs.
Motor neurons
Neurons that transmit signals from the (CNS) to muscles and glands, triggering movement or secretion.
Effectors
Carry out the response received from motor neurons - muscles & glands.
Cycadean rythem
Sleep/awake rhythm regulated by photoreceptors detecting light, triggering the secretion of melatonin by the pineal gland
Suprachiasmatic nuclei cells (SNC)
Group of cells within the hypothalamus which control the secretion of melatonin by the pinery gland
Hypothalamus
Links the nervous system to the endocrine (hormone) system via the pituitary gland -> regulates puberty!
Baroreceptors
Monitor blood pressure within the heart
Cardiovascular center
Located in the medulla oblongata: processes inputs from baroreceptors, chemoreceptors, and SA node to cause a change in heart rate
Chemoreceptors
Monitor concentrations of O2, Co2, and pH in blood
Sinoatrial (SA)
Sets the heart rate by initiating each beat
Parasympatric nervous system
responsible for digestion and rest
Sympatric nervous system
responsible for danger