D2.2 Gene Expression

Question 1

Genotype

Answer 1

The genetic makeup of an organism

Question 2

Phenotype

Answer 2

The observable traits of an organism, resulting from the interaction of its genotype with its environment

Question 3

Gene expression

Answer 3

The process by which the information encoded in a gene is turned into a function

Question 4

Repressor transcription factors

Answer 4

Proteins that bind to DNA and block or reduce the transcription of specific genes

Question 5

Activator transcription factors

Answer 5

Proteins that bind to DNA and increase the transcription of specific genes

Question 6

Effect of poly-A tail on mRNA

Answer 6

Increases its stability and slows its degradation

Question 7

Epigenesis

Answer 7

Process by which environmental factors influence gene expression without altering the DNA sequence, causing cells to differentiate

Question 8

Epigenome

Answer 8

Complete set of epigenetic modification across the genome

Question 9

Genome

Answer 9

The complete set of genes or genetic material present in an organism’s cells

Question 10

Transcriptome

Answer 10

All RNA molecules transcribed from the genome, which are being expressed

Question 11

Proteome

Answer 11

The entire set of proteins expressed by the transcriptome at a given time

Question 12

Methylation of histones

Answer 12

Methylation represses gene expression by inhibiting binding of transcription factors

Question 13

Acetylation of histones

Answer 13

Acetylation activates gene expression by loosening DNA structure for transcription