C1.2 Cell Respiration Flashcards
ATP -> ADP
Hydrolysis reaction (vise versa is a condensation reaction)
Aerobic respiration
Utilizes sugars & lipids, producing a large yield of ATP. Byproducts: CO2 and H2O. Occurs in cytoplasm & mitochondria
Anaerobic respiration
Utilizes sugars, producing a small yield of ATP. Byproduct: lactate. Occurs in cytoplasm
Oxidation reaction
- Electrons are removed
- Hydrogen is removed
- Oxygen is added
Reduction reaction
- Electrons are added
- Hydrogen is added
- Oxygen is removed
Redox reaction
A reaction in which one substance is oxidized and another is reduced
Glycolysis (summary)
First step of respiration, occurring in cytoplasm
- 1 glucose is converted into 2 pyruvates
- 2 NADs are converted into 2 NADH
- Net yield of 2 ATP molecules (as 2 are used to produce 4) in anaerobic respiration
Anaerobic cell respiration in yeast
Produces carbon dioxide and ethanol
Link reaction
Occurs in matrix of mitochondria
Conversion of pyruvate (produced in glycolysis) into acetyl-CoA needed for the Krebs cycle.
Krebs cycle
Takes place in the matrix of the mitochondria
The Krebs cycle processes acetyl-CoA into CO₂, producing NADH, FADH₂, and ATP in the process.
Electron Transport Chain
A series of protein complexes in the inner membrane of the mitochondria that transfer electrons and pump protons to create a proton gradient
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)
Molecule involved in cell respiration which carries hydrogen (electrons) from one reaction to another
Chemiosmosis
Chemiosmosis involves the diffusion of protons (hydrogen ions) across concentration gradient back into the matrix through ATP synthase to generate ATP.
