B1.1 Carbohydrates and Lipids

Question 1

Macromolecules

Answer 1

Large molecules: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids

Question 2

Polymer

Answer 2

Chains composed of monomers

Question 3

Polymersion

Answer 3

Reaction which joins monomers, forming polymers

Question 4

Condensation reaction

Answer 4

Reaction which joins substances, producing H20 as a byproduct

Question 5

Hydrolysis reaction

Answer 5

Reaction which separates substances by adding H20

Question 6

Glycosidic bond

Answer 6

Bond between a sugar and another substance (or another sugar)

Question 7

1-4 bond

Answer 7

Linear bond

Question 8

1-6 bond

Answer 8

Branched bond

Question 9

Monosaccharides

Answer 9

2+ bonded sugars. Classified by the number of carbons present.

Question 10

ABBA

Answer 10

Alpha below, Beta above -> orientation of hydroxyl (OH) group determines whether glucose molecule is beta or alpha.

Question 11

Starch

Answer 11

A type of monosaccharide which stores energy as glucose in plants -> amylose or amylopectin

Question 12

Amylose

Answer 12

Linear structure made up of glycosidic 1-4 bonds, highly coiled for compact energy storage

Question 13

Amylopectin

Answer 13

Highly branched structure made up of glycosidic 1-4 Aplha linear backbone, and branching 1-6 Aplha bonds, highly coiled for compact energy storage

Question 14

Glycogen

Answer 14

Stores energy in animals, linear backbone composed of glycosidic 1-4 bonds with occasional 1-6 bond branching off.

Question 15

Cellulose

Answer 15

Makes up the cell wall, contains alternating beta-glucose bonds

Question 16

Glycoprotein

Answer 16

Protein with a carb attached -> cell-to-cell recognition, receptors, structural support

Question 17

Lipids

Answer 17

Non-polar & hydrophobic - energy reserves

Question 18

Sterioids

Answer 18

Have 4 carbon ring structure

Question 19

Triglyceride

Answer 19

LIPID: 1 glycerol, 3 fatty acids, joined by ester bonds

Question 20

Phosopholipid

Answer 20

LIPID: 1glycerol, 2 fatty acids, 1 phosphorus, joined by ester bonds

Question 21

Saturated fatty acids

Answer 21

Linear structure, no double bonds, solid at room temperature

Question 22

Unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 22

Kinky structure (caused by double bond), 1+ double bonds, liquid at room temperature

Question 23

Trans fats

Answer 23

H atoms are opposite (trans), considered unhealthy & are artificially produced

Question 24

Cis fats

Answer 24

H atoms are on the same side, considered healthy & are found naturally

Question 25

Amphipathic

Answer 25

Having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties

Question 26

Adipose

Answer 26

Triglyceride tissues which store fat and provide animals with insulation