B3.1 Gas Exchange Flashcards
Diagram of aveoli and plan diagram seperate
Fetal hemoglobin
Strong affinity for oxygen - more saturated with oxygen
Adult hemoglobin
Low affinity for oxygen - less saturated with oxygen
Ventilation rate
Number of inspiration - expiration cycles per minute
Tidal volume
Volume of air moved in and out of the lungs during a breath cycle
Inhaling (inspiration)
Volume of air in chest cavity increases, decreasing pressure
Exhaling (expiration)
Volume of air in chest cavity decreases, increasing pressure
Permeable (effect on gas exchange)
Allows Co2 and O2 to freely diffuse across a membrane
Large SA:V ratio (effect on gas exchange)
Maximizes area available for gas diffusion
Thin tissue layer (effect on gas exchange)
Minimizes the distance gasses must diffuse across
Moist surface (effect on gas exchange)
Gasses must dissolve in a liquid before they can diffuse across a membrane
Lower respiratory tract
Series of branching tubes (bronchioles) which move air to and from the alveoli
Presence of surfactant in Aveoli
Type II pneumocytes secrete surfactant, facilitating diffusion of gasses and reducing surface tension
Inspiration effect on the respiratory system
Diaphragm contracts, moving downwards | Abdomen relaxed | intercostal muscle contracts, pulling ribcage up and out
Expiration effect on the respiratory system
Diaphragm relaxes, moving upwards| Abdomen contracts pushing diaphragm up| intercostal muscle contracts, pulling ribcage in and down
Vital capacity
Maximum amount of air a person can exhale after maximum inhalation
Waxy cuticle
Reduces water loss and prevents movement of co2 and o2
Guard cell
Open and close pores in the epidermis or stoma (stomata) in response to external factors
Spongy mesophyll
Provide large surface area of moist cells for gas exchange
Transpiration
Process in which plants lose water as a result of evaporation, root transfer, etc
Stomatal density
Mean number of stomata/area of field of view
Hemoglobin
Molecule consisting of a protein & a non-protein which transports oxygen from the lungs to other parts of the body
Affinity
Strength of interation or binding between two molecules
Cooperative binding of O2 to Hemoglobin
When O2 binds to hemoglobin, it increases the O2 affinity - resulting in the rapid binding of 3 additional O2 - inverse: loss of one O2, loss of 3 additional O2
Bohr shift
When reduced affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen in high Co2 concentrations shifts the oxygen curve to the left - PROMOTES release of o2 in low co2 areas
