B2.2 Organelles and Compartmentalization

Question 1

Benefits of compartmentalization

Answer 1

• allows for separation of metabolic processes

Question 2

Organelle

Answer 2

a discrete structure within a cell that is adapted to perform a specific function

Question 2

Outer membrane (mitochondria)

Answer 2

Smooth and selectively permeable -> Controls entry and exit of substances; separates mitochondrion from the cytoplasm.

Question 3

Inner membrane (mitochondria)

Answer 3

Not permeable -> Contains proteins for the electron transport chain and ATP synthase; creates a proton gradient

Question 4

Intermembrane space (mitochondria)

Answer 4

Narrow -> allows H⁺ ions accumulate during electron transport, formation of a proton gradient

Question 5

Cristae (mitochondria)

Answer 5

Highly folded inner membrane -> increases SA:V ration for ATP production.

Question 6

Matrix (mitochondria)

Answer 6

fluid-filled space containing enzymes -> Site of the Krebs cycle and link reaction; using provided enzymes

Question 7

mtDNA (mitochondria)

Answer 7

Enables self-replication