Cytokines&Receptors- Intro Flashcards
What 2 ways to immune cells communicate with each other to coordinate an immune response?
Secreted molecules
Direct cell-cell contact
What is it called when a molecule is released by one cell and interact with another cell?
Secreted molecules
What is it called when 2 cells come into direct contact using complementary receptors and signals are then transmitted through the 2 receptors?
Direct cell-cell contact
What are a group of proteins that are produced by immune cells to control immune responses?
Cytokines
What type of communication is used among immune cells?
1-way communication
What are the following characteristics examples of:
Short lived proteins
Highly diverse
Act locally and/or systemically
Pleiotropic
Redundant
Carefully regulates
Toxic at high doses
Cytokines
What are the following examples of:
Antigens
PAMPs
Antibodies
Cytokines
Common stimuli for cytokine production
What type of cytokines use signals between lymphocytes and other leukocytes?
Interleukins
What are a heterogeneous mixture of proteins with little in common expect their name?
Interleukins
How many interleukins are there?
40
What type of interleukins activate only Th cells?
Type 1
What type of interleukins activate Th, B, and Tc cells?
Type 2
What is a family of cytokines produced in response to a virus infection or immune stimulation?
Interferons
Whose names are derived from the fact that they interfere with viral RNA and protein synthesis and so have anti-viral activity?
Interferons
What are the three major types of interferons?
Type 1, 2, 3
What is a diverse mixture, most important of which are Interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha) and IFN-beta?
Type 1
Which interferon type is IFN-y?
Type 2
Which type of interferon is IFN-^
Type 3
What induces antiviral state?
Interferon
What type of gene do interferons use to induce antiviral state?
ISGs (interferon-stimulated genes)
What are cytokines produced by macrophages and T cells?
Tumor necrosis factors (TNFs)
Which type of TNF is a key mediator of acute inflammation?
TNF-alpha
What includes TNFs and related cytokines, which are involved in the coordination of host defenses, cell survival, immune regulation and inflammation?
TNF superfamily
What are the two important members of TNF‘s?
CD178
CD154
What is one of the mechanisms by which cytotoxic T cells kill cancer cells?
CD178
What is a family of at least 50 small proteins that play a role in leukocyte chemotaxis, circulation, migration, and activation in inflammation?
Chemokines
What are cells that migrate from low chemokine concentrations to high chemokine concentration?
Chemotaxis
