Culture 4

Question 1

ARCHETYPE

Answer 1

• The original pattern or model from which all things of the same kind are copied or on which they are based; a prototype.
• Also (in Jungian psychology) a collectively inherited unconscious idea, pattern of thought, image, etc., universally present in individual psyches.

Question 2

ARCHIVAL RESEARCH

Answer 2

Any study of data in records being studied, which were not collected specifically for the study itself.

Question 3

ARCHIVES

Answer 3

Repositories of a variety of materials, such as documents, photographs and films, often of an historical nature, catalogued and filed for the use of researchers, scholars and other investigators.

Question 4

AROUSAL

Answer 4

A state of physiological or psychological excitation.

Question 5

AROUSAL/COST-REWARD MODEL

Answer 5

A model of helping, which predicts that people will help if they are aware of a need for help, experience physiological arousal, label that arousal as a response to the victim, and decide that cost and reward favour intervention on their part.

Question 6

ARRANGED MARRIAGE

Answer 6

• Any marriage in which the selection of a spouse is outside the control of the bride and groom.
• Usually parents or their representatives select brides or grooms by trying to match compatibility rather than relying on romantic attraction.

Question 7

ART

Answer 7

• Human endeavor thought to be aesthetic and have meaning beyond simple description. Includes music, dance, sculpture, painting, drawing, stitchery, weaving, poetry, writing, woodworking, etc.
• A medium of expression where the individual and culture come together.

Question 8

ARTS

Answer 8

Include the visual arts, literature (written and oral), music, and theater arts.

Question 9

ASCRIBED STATUS

Answer 9

• Social status which is the result of inheritance
• (cf. Achieved status).

Question 10

ASSIMILATION

Answer 10

• Is a process of consistent integration whereby members of an ethno-cultural group, typically immigrants, or other minority groups, are “absorbed” into an established larger community.
• If a child assimilates into a new culture, he/she gives up his/her cultural values and beliefs and adopts the new cultural values in their place.
• Originates from a Piagetian (Swiss Developmental Psychologist JEAN PIAGET, 1896-1980) term describing a person’s ability to comprehend and integrate new experiences.

Question 11

ASSIMILATION EFFECTS

Answer 11

Shifts in judgements towards an anchor point in social judgement theory.

Question 12

ASSORTATIVE MATING

Answer 12

Nonrandom coupling of individuals based on resemblance of one or more characteristics.

Question 13

ATTACHMENT THEORY

Answer 13

A theory of the formation and characterization of relationships based on the progress and outcome of an individual’s experiences as an infant in relation to the primary caregiver.

Question 14

ATTITUDE

Answer 14

Evaluation of people, objects, or issues about which an individual has some knowledge.