Culture 27

Question 1

MARKETS

Answer 1

• Systems that exchange goods and services using all-purpose money as a standard measure of relative value.
• Early market systems are characterized by market places or bazaars which are often cyclical, moving among a fixed set of localities, each having its specific market days.

Question 2

MASCULINITY

Answer 2

Pertains to societies in which social roles are clearly distinct (i.e., men are supposed to be assertive, tough and focused on material success whereas women are supposed to be more modest, tender and concerned with the quality of life).

Question 3

MATERIALISM

Answer 3

• Understands culture to be the product of the material conditions of a given society.
• Religion, law, and even art forms, reflect the power relationships of a given society as they are generated by the material order of that society.

Question 4

MATRIARCHY

Answer 4

• A society ruled by women.
• There is consensus among modern anthropologists and sociologists that a strictly matriarchal society never existed, but there are examples of matrifocal societies.
• There exist many matriarchal animal societies including bees, elephants, and killer whales.
• The word matriarchy is coined as the opposite of Patriarchy.

Question 5

MATRIFOCAL

Answer 5

• Mother-centered society.
• It often refers to a household with no resident husband-father.

Question 6

MATRILINEAGE

Answer 6

• Line of descent as traced through women on the maternal side of a family.
• In some cultures, membership of a specific group is inherited matrilineally.
• For example one is a Jew if one’s mother (rather than one’s father) is a Jew. The Nairs of Kerala, India are also matrilineal.

Question 7

MATRILINEAL

Answer 7

Descent traced exclusively through the female line.

Question 8

MATRILINEAL DESCENT

Answer 8

Unilineal descent rule in which people join the mother’s group automatically at birth and stay members throughout life.

Question 9

MATRILOCAL

Answer 9

Residence after marriage in association with the wife’s mother’s relatives.

Question 10

MATRILOCALITY

Answer 10

• Customary residence with the wife’s relatives after marriage, so that children grow up in their mother’s community.
• The Nair community in Kerala in South India and the Mosuo of Yunnan and Sichuan in southwestern China are contemporary examples.

Question 11

MEANS (OR FACTORS) OF PRODUCTION

Answer 11

Land, labor, technology, and capital-major productive resources.

Question 12

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY

Answer 12

Statistics such as the mean, median or mode which in various ways indicate the central point in a frequency distribution.

Question 13

MEDIATION

Answer 13

Dispute settlement through negotiation assisted by an unbiased third party.

Question 14

MEDICAL ANTHROPOLOGY

Answer 14

Field of study where anthropologists are concerned with the sociocultural context and implications of disease and illness.

Question 15

MEGALOPOLIS

Answer 15

A very large city or a thickly populated region encompassing one or more large cities.