Culture 33

Question 1

PARADIGMATIC VIEW

Answer 1

Is an approach to science, developed by Thomas Kuhn, which holds that science develops from a set of assumptions (paradigm) and that revolutionary science ends with the acceptance of a new paradigm which ushers in a period of normal science.

Question 2

PARADIGMS (KUHNIAN)

Answer 2

• The overall conception and way of working shared by workers within a particular discipline or research area.
• In this view, paradigm shifts occur from time to time as scientific communities experience revolutions of thought.

Question 3

PARALANGUAGE

Answer 3

The use of accent, cadence, pitch, and tone to convey meaning.

Question 4

PARALLEL COUSINS

Answer 4

Children of two brothers or two sisters.

Question 5

PARALLEL-COUSIN

Answer 5

Children of the same-sexed siblings of one’s parents, e.g., mother’s sister’s and father’s brother’s children.

Question 6

PARAMOUNT CHIEF

Answer 6

The highest ranking social office in a chiefdom.

Question 7

PARTICIPANT OBSERVATION

Answer 7

• Technique for cross-cultural adjustment. This entails keeping a detailed record of your observations, interactions and interviews while living in a culture that is not your own.
• Is also a fundamental method of research used in cultural anthropology.
• A researcher lives within a given culture for an extended period of time, to take part in its daily life in all its richness and diversity.
• The anthropologist in this approach tries to experience a culture “from within,” as a person native to that culture is presumed to.

Question 8

PARTICIPATIVE COMPETENCE

Answer 8

• The ability to interact on equal terms in multicultural environments so that knowledge is shared and the learning experience is professionally enhancing for all involved.
• Even when using a second language, people with high participative competence are able to contribute equitably to the common task under discussion and can also share knowledge, communicate experience, and stimulate group learning to benefit all parties.

Question 9

PARTICULARISM

Answer 9

• It reflects the preference for rules over relationships (or vice versa).
• Particularist societies tend to be more flexible with rules, and acknowledge the unique circumstances around a particular rule.

Question 10

PARTICULARITY

Answer 10

Distinctive or unique culture trait, pattern, or integration.

Question 11

PASTORAL NOMADISM

Answer 11

• A form of social organization that is based on livestock husbandry for largely subsistence purposes.
• Pastoral nomads are characterized by a high level of mobility which allows them continually to search for new pastures in order to maintain their herds of animals.
• First known nomadic pastoral society developed in the period from 6200 to 6000 BC in the Middle East.

Question 12

PASTORALIST

Answer 12

Subsistence gained by tending and breeding animals.

Question 13

PASTORALISTS

Answer 13

People who use a food-producing strategy of adaptation based on care of herds of domesticated animals.

Question 14

PATER

Answer 14

Socially recognized father of a child though not necessarily the genitor or biological father.

Question 15

PATH ANALYSIS

Answer 15

A procedure associated with multiple regression involving a diagram indicating the strength and direction of influences between several variables, enabling calculation of direct and indirect causal pathways.