Culture 20 Flashcards
GENEALOGICAL METHOD
Procedures by which ethnographers discover and record connections of kinship, descent, and marriage in societies by using diagrams and symbols.
GENEALOGY
- Foucauldian term involving the metaphor of a family tree to indicate an interest in the historical and social roots of ideas, systems of knowledge or discourses.
- Foucault suggested in a further metaphor that an archaeological approach towards the elucidation of these be adopted.
GENERAL ANTHROPOLOGY
The field of anthropology as a whole, consisting of cultural, archaeological, biological, and linguistic anthropology.
GENERALITY
Culture pattern or trait that exists in some but not all societies.
GENERALIZED RECIPROCITY
- Is the principle that characterizes exchanges between closely related individuals.
- As social distance increases, reciprocity becomes balanced and finally negative.
GENETIC MARKER
- Is a known DNA sequence of the human DNA.
- Can be used to study the relationship between an inherited disease and its likely genetic cause.
GENITOR
Biological father of a child.
GENTRIFICATION
- The process by which middle- and upper class incomers displace established working-class communities.
- May be small-scale and incremental (i.e. Started by individuals) or be associated with major redevelopment and regeneration schemes by governments or public bodies e.g. Docklands and Notting Hill in London.
GINZO
Is a US derogatory term to refer to Italian Americans.
GLOBAL CULTURE
- One world culture.
- The earth’s inhabitants will lose their individual cultural diversity and one culture will remain for all the people.
GLOBALIZATION
- A disputed term relating to transformation in the relationship between space, economy and society.
- The International Monetary Fund defines globalization as “the growing economic interdependence of countries worldwide through increasing volume and variety of cross-border transactions in goods and services, free international capital flows, and more rapid and widespread diffusion of technology”.
- Meanwhile, The International Forum on Globalization defines it as “the present worldwide drive toward a globalized economic system dominated by supranational corporate trade and banking institutions that are not accountable to democratic processes or national governments.”
GLOCALIZATION
- The interaction between the particular character of places or regions and the more general processes of change represented by globalization.
- The term glocalization emphasizes that the globalization of a product is more likely to succeed when the product or service is adapted specifically to each locality or culture it is marketed in.
- As a term first appeared in the late 1980s in articles by Japanese economists in the Harvard Business Review. First English usage is by the British sociologist Roland Robertson. The term combines the word globalization with localization.
- An example of in practice: for promotions in France, the restaurant chain recently chose to replace its familiar Ronald mcdonald mascot with Asterix the Gaul, a popular French cartoon character.
GRAMMAR AND SYNTAX
The formal structure of a language and the rules for making sentences and phrases.
GREEN REVOLUTION
Agricultural development based on chemical fertilizers, pesticides, 20th-century cultivation techniques, and new crop varieties.
GROUNDED THEORY
- A term coined by Glaser and Strauss to describe the type of theory produced by their methods of ethnographic data collection and analysis.
- The approach emphasizes the systematic discovery of theory from data, by using methods of constant comparison and theoretical sampling, so that theories remain grounded in observations of the social world, rather than being generated in the abstract. This they propose as an inductive alternative to hypothetico-deductive approaches.