Culture 24 Flashcards
INTERSUBJECTIVITY
The common-sense, shared meanings constructed by people in their interactions with each other and used as an everyday resource to interpret the meaning of elements of social and cultural life.
INTERTEXTUALITY
- The explicit or implicit echo of one text in another text.
- This may take the form of explicit cross-references, or implicit, latent themes.
INTERVENTION PHILOSOPHY
- Guiding principle of colonialism, conquest, missionization, or development; an ideological justification for outsiders to guide native peoples in specific directions.
- It was the ideological justification for foreign powers to guide native peoples in specific directions, usually of benefit to the intruders.
INTERVIEW SCHEDULE
- Ethnographic tool for structuring a formal interview.
- A prepared form (usually printed or mimeographed) that guides interviews with households or individuals being compared systematically.
- Contrasts with a questionnaire because the researcher has personal contact with the local people and records their answers.
IPR (Intellectual Property Rights)
- Is a legal concept that includes copyrights, trademarks, patents, and related rights, whereby the holder of one these abstract “properties” has certain exclusive rights to the creative work, commercial symbol, or invention which is covered by it.
- Consisting of each society’s cultural core beliefs and principles is also claimed as a group right, a cultural right, allowing indigenous groups to control who may know and use their collective knowledge and its applications.
ISLAMOPHOBIA
- Fear and dread of Islam, which has been increasing particularly since September 11th 2001.
- The Runnymede Trust in 1997 identified ‘closed’ and ‘open’ views of Islam.
- Closed views see Islam as static and unchanging, as primitive, sexist, aggressive, and threatening. Closed views of Islam see hostility towards Muslims as ‘normal’ and are used to justify discrimination because no common values with other religions are admitted.
- Central to closed views, or ‘Islamophobia’, and propagated by the Western media, is the assumption that all Muslims support all actions taken in the name of Islam.
- Terrorists are called ‘Islamic Fundamentalists’ although Muslims see them as breaking Islamic law and they suffer from being associated with terrorists and murderers.
- Open views see Islam as a diverse and progressive faith with internal differences, debates and developments. Recognising shared values with other faiths and cultures Islam is perceived to be equally worthy of respect.
- Criticisms by the West are considered and differences and disagreements do not diminish efforts to combat discrimination while care is taken that critical views of Islam are not unfair and inaccurate.
ISOLATIVE INTEGRATION
Where a culture tries to prevent another culture from changing its ways and selectively takes from the dominant culture.
IVORY TOWER VIEW
Of applied anthropology; the belief that anthropologists should avoid practical matters and concentrate on research, publication, and teaching.
JATI
Local subcastes in Hindu India.
JET LAG
- A temporary disruption of bodily rhythms caused by high-speed travel across several time zones typically in a jet aircraft.
- Typical symptoms are fatigue, insomnia. The world has 24 time zones, one for each hour in the day.
- A part of the brain called the hypothalamus acts as a kind of alarm clock to activate various body functions such as hunger, thirst, and sleep. It also regulates body temperature, blood pressure, and the level of hormones and glucose in the bloodstream. Thus, when the eye of an air traveler perceives dawn or dusk many hours earlier or later than usual, the hypothalamus may trigger activities that the rest of the body is not ready for, and jet lag occurs.
JOINT FAMILY HOUSEHOLD
Is a complex family unit formed through polygyny or polyandry or through the decision of married siblings to live together with or without their parents.
JOOK SING
- A Chinese term used to refer to “American Born Chinese” of either U.S. or Canadian birth.
- Meaning “hollow bamboo” in Cantonese, it suggests that the target of the remark may be Chinese on the outside, but lacks the cultural beliefs and values that would make them “truly” Chinese.
KELLEY’S ATTRIBUTION THEORY
- Kelley’s view of the attribution theory assumes that the attributions we make are, mostly, accurate and logical.
- There are three main aspects of his view: 1) Consistency: “Is the behaviour consistent across most people in the given situation?” 2) Distinctiveness: “Does the behaviour vary across different situations?” and 3) Consensus: “Do most people engage in this behaviour in this situation?”.
KEY CULTURAL CONSULTANT
Person who is an expert on a particular aspect of native life.
KEY INFORMANTS
A few individuals selected on the basis of criteria such as knowledge, compatibility, age, experience, or reputation who provide information about their culture.
