Culture 32 Flashcards

1
Q

OLIGARCHY

A
  • The ruling class.
  • Usually a small group of wealthy individuals.
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2
Q

OLYMPIAN RELIGIONS

A

In Wallace’s typology, develop with state organization; have full-time religious specialists-professional priesthoods.

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3
Q

ONE-WORLD CULTURE

A

A belief that the future will bring development of a single homogeneous world culture through advances and links created by modern communication, transportation and trade.

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4
Q

ONTOLOGY

A
  • A branch of philosophy concerned with what can be said to exist.
  • This can be distinguished from epistemology which concerns how we may know what exists.
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5
Q

OPEN CLASS SYSTEM

A

Stratification system that facilitates social mobility, with individual achievement and personal merit determining social rank.

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6
Q

OPEN PLAN OFFICE

A
  • A system of office design where work spaces occupy large areas undivided by walls.
  • However, plants, movable partitions or furniture may separate areas.
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7
Q

OPERATIONALISATION

A
  • The process of developing indicators for concepts.
  • Thus a concept such as ‘alienation’ might be indicated by questions on a questionnaire about powerlessness, isolation or moral deviance.
  • The adequacy of operationalisation is an aspect of measurement validity, but can also be applied usefully to assess the adequacy of links made in qualitative research between ideas and examples.
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8
Q

OREO COOKIES

A

US racial slur to refer to a person perceived as black on the outside and white on the inside, hinted by the appearance of an Oreo cookie.

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9
Q

OSENBEI (SENBEI)

A
  • Derogatory term in the US and the UK used to refer to a half Asian, half Caucasian person.
  • It means “rice cracker” in Japanese.
  • Its use derives from the US slang “cracker” for a white person, and “rice” to refer to an Asian.
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10
Q

OUGHT SELF

A

Duties, obligations, responsibilities, facets of the self concept which should exist.

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11
Q

OUT GROUP

A

A group of which a person is not a member but is aware of the group.

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12
Q

OVERINNOVATION

A

Characteristic of projects that require major changes in the daily lives of the natives in the target community, especially ones that interfere with customary subsistence pursuits.

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13
Q

PACIFICATION

A

Extending the authority of national government over formerly autonomous people whether by force or persuasion.

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14
Q

PALEOETHNOBOTANY (ARCHAEOBOTANY)

A

Is the recovery and identification of plant remains from archaeological contexts, important in the reconstruction of past environments and economies.

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15
Q

PARADIGM

A

Is the set of fundamental assumptions that influence how people think and how they perceive the world.

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