Culture 32

Question 1

OLIGARCHY

Answer 1

• The ruling class.
• Usually a small group of wealthy individuals.

Question 2

OLYMPIAN RELIGIONS

Answer 2

In Wallace’s typology, develop with state organization; have full-time religious specialists-professional priesthoods.

Question 3

ONE-WORLD CULTURE

Answer 3

A belief that the future will bring development of a single homogeneous world culture through advances and links created by modern communication, transportation and trade.

Question 4

ONTOLOGY

Answer 4

• A branch of philosophy concerned with what can be said to exist.
• This can be distinguished from epistemology which concerns how we may know what exists.

Question 5

OPEN CLASS SYSTEM

Answer 5

Stratification system that facilitates social mobility, with individual achievement and personal merit determining social rank.

Question 6

OPEN PLAN OFFICE

Answer 6

• A system of office design where work spaces occupy large areas undivided by walls.
• However, plants, movable partitions or furniture may separate areas.

Question 7

OPERATIONALISATION

Answer 7

• The process of developing indicators for concepts.
• Thus a concept such as ‘alienation’ might be indicated by questions on a questionnaire about powerlessness, isolation or moral deviance.
• The adequacy of operationalisation is an aspect of measurement validity, but can also be applied usefully to assess the adequacy of links made in qualitative research between ideas and examples.

Question 8

OREO COOKIES

Answer 8

US racial slur to refer to a person perceived as black on the outside and white on the inside, hinted by the appearance of an Oreo cookie.

Question 9

OSENBEI (SENBEI)

Answer 9

• Derogatory term in the US and the UK used to refer to a half Asian, half Caucasian person.
• It means “rice cracker” in Japanese.
• Its use derives from the US slang “cracker” for a white person, and “rice” to refer to an Asian.

Question 10

OUGHT SELF

Answer 10

Duties, obligations, responsibilities, facets of the self concept which should exist.

Question 11

OUT GROUP

Answer 11

A group of which a person is not a member but is aware of the group.

Question 12

OVERINNOVATION

Answer 12

Characteristic of projects that require major changes in the daily lives of the natives in the target community, especially ones that interfere with customary subsistence pursuits.

Question 13

PACIFICATION

Answer 13

Extending the authority of national government over formerly autonomous people whether by force or persuasion.

Question 14

PALEOETHNOBOTANY (ARCHAEOBOTANY)

Answer 14

Is the recovery and identification of plant remains from archaeological contexts, important in the reconstruction of past environments and economies.

Question 15

PARADIGM

Answer 15

Is the set of fundamental assumptions that influence how people think and how they perceive the world.