Culture 19 Flashcards
FLIP
Is a Western derogatory term used for Filipinos.
FOCAL VOCABULARY
A set of words and distinctions that are particularly important to certain groups (those with particular foci of experience or activity), such as types of snow to Eskimos or skiers.
FOLK
- Means ‘Of the people’, originally coined for European peasants.
- It refers to the art, music, and lore of ordinary people, as contrasted with the “high” art or “classic” art of the European elites.
FOLK ART
Art produced by people not professionally identified as artists.
FOOD PRODUCTION
Cultivation of plants and domestication (stockbreeding) of animals; first developed in the Middle East 10,000 to 12,000 years ago.
FORAGERS
- Getting food by collecting or hunting what is naturally available.
- The term used to refer to the subsistence patterns of cultures different from our own continually changes as our values change. Initially, these groups were called “primitives.”
- This term came to be viewed as too ethnocentric since it emphasized they were less developed than “modern” cultures.
- The term “hunters and gatherers” has been replaced by foragers because of the gender associations with male hunters and female gatherers. Since !Kung women produce 85% of the food by volume, is it appropriate to call them a hunting and gathering society?
FREQUENCY DISTRIBUTION (OR FREQUENCY COUNT)
- A count of the number of times each value of a single variable occurs. Thus, the proportion of the population fitting into each of six categories of social class may be given as a frequency distribution.
- The distribution can be presented in a variety of ways, including for example a raw count, percentages or a pie chart.
FUNCTIONAL EXPLANATION
- The study of social institutions by behavioural scientists on the premise that social customs can be explained by considering their function or role in society.
- Term originally used by A.R.Radcliffe-Brown (1933).
FUNCTIONALISM
- In the social sciences, specifically sociology and sociocultural anthropology, functionalism (also called functional analysis) attempts to focus on the ways in which social institutions fill social needs, especially social stability.
- Treats society as a living organism or a complex machine, the parts of which can only be understood as they function in the whole.
- Aspects of a culture or society are studied in the context of how they function in the larger processes of society; they may also be considered in relation to the key “needs” they serve in a given society (e.g. Needs for subsistence, social law and order, etc.).
FUNK
An earthy, unsophisticated style and feeling, or the style and feelings of blues.
FUSION
- Blending traits from two different cultures to form a new trait. T
- he cargo is a fusion of Mayan and Catholic religious elements.
- Also called syncretism.
GENDER DISCRIMINATION
- Is any action that allows or denies opportunities, privileges or rewards to a person on the basis of their gender alone.
- The term ‘glass ceiling’ describes the process by which women are barred from promotion by means of an invisible barrier.
- In the United States, the Glass Ceiling Commission has stated that women represent 1.1% of inside directors (those drawn from top management of the company) on the boards of Fortune 500 companies.
GENDER ROLES
The tasks and activities that a culture assigns to each sex.
GENDER STEREOTYPES
Are oversimplified but strongly held ideas about the characteristics, roles and behaviour models of males and females.
GENDER STRATIFICATION
Unequal distribution of rewards (socially valued resources, power, prestige, and personal freedom) between men and women, depending on their different positions in a social hierarchy.
