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Human Systems > Cranial nerves > Flashcards

Cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

How many muscles of facial expression are there

A

43

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2
Q

Where do the musles of facial experssion originate

A

Second pharyngeal arch

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3
Q

What innervates the muscles of facial expression

A

Facial nerve from its origin at the brainstem

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4
Q

What does the branchial motor of the facial nerve supply

A

Motor to muscles of facial expression, scalp, stapedius (N.B. hyperacusis)

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5
Q

What does the visceral motor of the facial nerve produce

A

P/S to submandibular and sublingual

Salivary glands, lacrimal gland and glands of nose and palate

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6
Q

What CN innervates the taste fibres on the front 2/3 of the tongue

A

Facial nerve

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7
Q

What are internal acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannoma)

A

slow growing benign tumours which slowly develop over years

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8
Q

What are symptoms/side effects of internal acoustic neuromas

A

It can cause loss of hearing and altered balance, tinnitus (ringing in the ears), dizziness or vertigo. Larger ones can cause headaches, double vision, or if it presses on the nearby facial nerve, numbness or weakness on 1 side of the face

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9
Q

What special sensory innervation does the vestibulocochlear nerve provide

A

Vestibular sensation (semicircular ducts)

Hearing from spiral organ

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10
Q

What is the only muscle in the pharynx innervated by CN IX

A

Stylopharyngeus

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11
Q

What is the purpose of the Stylopharyngeus muscle

A

This muscle raises the larynx and pharynx and dilates the pharynx to enable food to pass down, thereby helping swallowing

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12
Q

What motor innervation does CNIX provide

A

Somatic Motor:
Motor to stylopharyngeus

Visceral motor:
P/S to parotid gland

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13
Q

Does CNIX provide sensory innervation

A

Visceral sensory:
Parotid gland, pharynx, middle Ear

Special Sensory:
Post. 1/3 tongue

Somatic Sensory:
External ear

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14
Q

What CN can be reffered to as the wandering nerve

A

Vagus X

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15
Q

What motor innervation does CNX provide

A

Somatic Motor:
Muscles of pharynx
Intrinsic muscles of larynx
Muscles of palate
Muscle in upper 2/3 of
Oesophagus

Visceral motor:
P/S to trachea, bronchi, GIT, heart

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16
Q

What does CNX provide sensory innervation to

A

Visceral Sensory:
Tongue, larynx, respiratory tract,
heart, upper GI to Left colic
Flexure

Special Sensory:
Epiglottis and palate

General Sensory:
Auricle, external auditory meatus

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17
Q

What does the trapezius do

A

Helps to raise shoulders

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18
Q

How would you test the strenocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles

A

Ask patient to raise shoulders, turn and flex head against resistance

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19
Q

Which CN provides motor innervation to the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius

A

Accessory nerve CNXI

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20
Q

What supplies the palatoglossus

A

Vagus nerve

21
Q

What does the hypoglossal nerve innervate

A

Somatic Motor:
Motor to intrinsic and
extrinsic muscles of tongue
(EXCEPT palatoglossus)

22
Q

How can the hypoglossal nerve supply be tested

A

Ask patient to stick out tongue and it should be symmetrical

23
Q

What is the purpose of the sphincter pupillae

A

Constriction of the pupil

24
Q

What does somatic motor mean

A

Not from the pharyngeal arches

25
Q

What does branchial motor indicate

A

Originates from pharyngeal arches

26
Q

What does visceral sensory indicate

A

To the lungs and bronchi etc

27
Q

What are the only nerve fibres able to completely regenerate

A

Olfactory nerve fibres

28
Q

What does anosmia mean

A

No smell

29
Q

What special sensory innervation does CNI give

A

Olfactory epithelium

Smell from nasal mucosa of each nasal cavity, nasal septum and superior conchae

30
Q

What can be used sometimes in spinal chord injury patients to enable them to regain some function

A

Olfactory ensheathing cells

31
Q

What is optic chiasm

A

The crossing point of fibres of the left and right optic nerves. Some fibres stay on the same side, others cross over, and that happens at the chiasm

32
Q

What CN does multiple sclerosis affect

A

Results in loss of that myelin and can result in weakness of the limbs, and reduction of sight. There could, in severe cases, be complete loss of vision as the axon of the optic nerve is surrounded by myelin, and loss of that will reduce/lose function

33
Q

What special sensory innervation does CNII provide

A

Nerve cell bodies in retina

Exits orbital canal (optic chiasm)

Vision from retina

34
Q

What are the extra-ocular muscles

A

Muscles that surround the eye and are responsible for movement of the eyeball itself

35
Q

What does the ciliary muscle control within the eye

A

Controls accommodation, or looking at near and far objects, and focusing on things. It alters the shape of the lens, but not the pupillary size

36
Q

What causes compression of the oculomotor nerve

A

Can be due to many causes eg aneurysms, diabetes, inflammation, trauma. Due to the unopposed action of the lateral rectus (supplied by the abducens nerve) and the superior oblique (supplied by the trochlear nerve)

37
Q

What innervation does CNIII provide

A

Somatic motor - midbrain:
Superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris

Visceral motor:
P/S to sphincter pupillae and ciliary muscle via the ciliary ganglion

N.B. Compression of CNIII due to raised intracranial pressure (ICP)

38
Q

What does the IV CN innervate

A

Somatic motor:

Cell bodies located in midbrain

Motor to superior oblique

N.B. Rarely paralysed on its own

Diplopia results in isolated palsy

39
Q

What does CN Va do

A

General sensory

Sensation from cornea, skin of forehead, scalp, eyelids, nose, mucosa of nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses

40
Q

What is CN Vb called

A

Maxillary branch of trigeminal nerve

41
Q

Where does CNVb give sensation to

A

Sensation from face over maxilla,
upper lip, maxillary teeth (superior
alveolar nerve), maxillary sinuses

42
Q

Where does the third branch ofthe trigeminal nerve supply

A

General sensory:

Side of mandible,mandibular teeth (inferior alveolar nerve), mucosa of mouth and ant.
2/3 tongue

43
Q

What innervates the 4 muscles of mastication

A

Motor division of trigeminal nerve

44
Q

What would a lesion of CNVI cause

A

Will result in the patient being unable to move their eye laterally on the affected side, and it typically will be medially rotated

45
Q

What supplies the lateral rectus

A

LR6 - CNVI abducens

46
Q

What CN supplies the superior oblique

A

SO4 - CNIV trochlear

47
Q

LR6 SO4

A

Lateral rectus - CN6
Superior oblique - CN4

48
Q

What does CN VI provide motor innervation to

A

Somatic motor:
Arises from pons
Motor to lateral rectus

Human Systems (34 decks)

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