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Human Systems > Blood > Flashcards

Blood Flashcards

1
Q

Where would you get red bone marrow

A

Skull, sternum, hip joint

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2
Q

What are erythrocytes

A

RBCs

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3
Q

What are leucocytes

A

White blood cells

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4
Q

What are thrombocytes

A

Platelets

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5
Q

What does plasma consist of

A

Extracellular fluid
Water
Electrocytes
Organic molecules (glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, glycerides)
Plasma proteins

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6
Q

What are albumins and their function

A

Plasma proteins
-Induces and maintains oncotic pressure and transport of lipids

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7
Q

What is the most abundant plasma protein

A

Albumins 60%

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8
Q

What is the purpose of globulins

A

Used in the transport of ions, hormones, lipids
Immune functions

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9
Q

What are regulatory proteins

A

Enzymes, hormones etc

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10
Q

How is the average blood volume calculated per male and female

A

70ml/kg body weight (male)

60ml/kg body weight (female)

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11
Q

What percentage of blood volume does plasma make up

A

55% (46-63%)

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12
Q

Aside from plasma what does the rest of the blood consist of

A

Cells
-red
-white
-platelets

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13
Q

Why are RBCs biconcave

A

Large SA:V ratio
Permits rapid gas transfer across cell membrane
Allows expansion to accommodate fluid (reduce risk of lysis)

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14
Q

What does the MPS do
(mononuclear phagocyte system)

A

Helps form new blood cells, removes old red blood cells, forms bile pigments and plasma proteins and helps to store iron

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15
Q

Where are RBCs formed

A

Red bone marrow

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16
Q

What is the average lifespan of RBCs

A

120 days

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17
Q

Where is the MPS

A

Spleen, mainly

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18
Q

What is transferrin

A

Glycoprotein that mediates the transportation of iron

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19
Q

What does erythropoietin regulate

A

RBC formation

20
Q

What does the formation of RBCs require

A

Folic acid
Vit B12
Iron (increased haemoglobin
content)

21
Q

What are the names of the cells throughout the stages of forming a RBC

A

Proerythroblast
Erythroblasts
-Basophilic
-Polychromatophilic
-Normoblast
Reticulocyte
Mature red blood cell

22
Q

What happens when there is hypoxia

A

The kidney will produce more red blood cells

23
Q

What is hypoxia

A

Low blood oxygen

24
Q

Why is erythropoietin taken by elite athletes

A

Better vascularisation o muscle and tissue due to increased red blood cells allowing for postponed anaerobic respiration

25
Q

How does erythropoietin work

A

Decreased RBCs reduces oxygen delivery to cells hence less oxygen reaches kidney causing erythropoietin release which promotes RBC production in red bone marrow

26
Q

What molecules are involved in transport of carbon dioxide

A

Carbonic anhydrase
Bicarbonate production
Carbamino compounds

27
Q

Where is carbonic anhydrase found

A

Haemoglobin
Parietal cells in stomach

28
Q

How many porphyrin rings does haem contain

A

4 (4C, 1N)

29
Q

How many Hb molecules does a RBC contain

A

200-300

30
Q

Why can haemoglobin never be completely saturated with oxygen

A

Due to transport of CO2

31
Q

What is the difference between Granulocytes and Agranulocytes

A

Granulocytes - granules in cytoplasm

Agranulocytes - no granules in cytoplasm

32
Q

What are the two classifications of white blood cells

A

Granulocytes
Agranulocytes

33
Q

What is the most abundant white blood cell

A

Neutrophil (50-70%)

34
Q

What white blood cell is produced more when infected with colds of flus

A

Neutrophils

35
Q

What cells produce heparin and histamine

A

Basophil (WBCs)

36
Q

What is a lymphocyte

A

Chronic inflammatory cell
Used in cell mediated immunity (T) and humoral immunity (B)

37
Q

What cells become macrophages

A

Monocytes

38
Q

Which granulocytes are involved in allergic reactions

A

Eosinophils

39
Q

What are megakaryocytes

A

Large bone marrow cells

40
Q

What is the largest WBC

A

Monocyte (up to 20um)

41
Q

What produces the ‘frosted glass’ appearance in the cytoplasm of monocytes

A

Small purple stained lysosomal granules and cytoplasmic vacuoles

42
Q

What size are ‘large’ lymphocytes

A

9-20um

43
Q

What component of blood releases the vasoconstrictor thromboxane

A

Platelets

44
Q

What determines a persons blood group

A

The presence (or absence) of AB antigens and Rhesus antigen

45
Q

What does PCV mean

A

Packed cell volume
-Proportion of blood that is made up of cells

Human Systems (34 decks)

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