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Human Systems > Autonomic nervous system > Flashcards

Autonomic nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What does the autonomic nervous system control

A

Involuntary activities
-Smooth muscle
-Cardiac muscle
-Various glands

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2
Q

What are the divisions of the ANS

A

Sympathetic
Parasympathetic

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3
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic NS

A

REST AND DIGEST
Generally has discrete actions on single organs, in the body ‘core’:
-salivary gland; heart

CONSERVATIVE, anabolic effects:
-storing energy - digestion etc (cow in a field)
-slowing heart

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4
Q

Functions of the sympathetic NS

A

More widespread actions than PSNS, often affecting whole body:
-distribution of sympathetic nerves; circulating adrenaline

HOMEOSTASIS
-blood pressure thermoregulation

Fight, flight or fright:
-meeting demands of active muscle
-anxiety (dental treatment)

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5
Q

Structure of the parasympathetic NS

A

-Long pre-gang neuron
-Short post-gang neuron
-Ganglion near or in effector organ

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6
Q

Does the autonomic nervous system control breathing

A

NO the breathing muscles are skeletal and are controlled by somatic nerves

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7
Q

How to identify the sympathetic NS by structure

A

-Pre-gang and post-gang neurons are similar in length
-Synapse in the sympathetic chain or one of the collateral (or pre-vertebral) ganglia or in the adrenal medulla

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8
Q

What structures does the ANS affect within the body

A

SMOOTH MUSCLE
-blood vessels in various parts of the body
-bronchi, bronchioles

HEART
-gastrointestinal tract
-rate, force of contraction

GLANDS
-salivary glands
-gastro-intestinal glands
-sweat glands

METABOLISM

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9
Q

Transmitters associated with ANS

A

Acetylcholine (present in BOTH) pre and post neurons within PSNS

Noradrenaline (SNS) Post-ganglionic neurons

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10
Q

Which component of the nervous system is the ANS

A

Visceral efferent component

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11
Q

Where do sympathetic neurons arise from on the spinal chord

A

Thoracic and lumbar sections

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12
Q

Which sections of the spinal chord do the Parasympathetic neurons arise from

A

Cranial and sacral

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13
Q

Which class of receptors are present on both the post ganglionic neurons

A

Nicotinic / ionotropic receptors

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14
Q

Receptors receiving signal from sympathetic neurons are called what?

A

Adrenergic receptors

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15
Q

Where are muscarinic receptors found

A

On effector organs receiving signal from parasympathetic neurons

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16
Q

What type of receptors are muscarinic and adrenergic

A

Metabotropic

17
Q

What does noradrenaline cause

A

-Contraction of smooth muscle (SM) in blood vessels (vaso-constriction)
-Relaxation of bronchial (SM)
(Bronchodilation)

18
Q

What is Vaso-Constriction

A

The contraction of smooth muscle

19
Q

What is Bronchodilation

A

Relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle

20
Q

Why is adrenaline used in anaesthetic preparations

A

It acts as a vaso-constrictor to restrict blood flow in and out of the muscle to preserve the aesthetic allowing doses to be kept to a minimum and reduce the spread to other parts of the body

21
Q

Where are nicotinic receptors found

A

Neuromuscular junctions

22
Q

What does adrenaline bind to

A

Adrenergic receptors

23
Q

What types of adrenergic receptors are there

A

2 Alpha
3 Beta (B-3 found on fat cells, not relevant)

24
Q

Where are alpha-1 receptors found

A

On all smooth muscle, organs and glands
EXCEPT
Cardiac and some cells in kidneys

25
Q

Which adrenergic receptors are stimulatory

A

A-1 and B-1

26
Q

What stimulates heart to beat faster when adrenaline is released

A

Beta 1 receptors

27
Q

If adrenaline binds to Beta 2 receptors what occurs

A

It relaxes all smooth muscles, organs and glands (associated with sympathetic nervous sytem)
EXCEPT
Pre synaptic membranes

28
Q

What do ‘beta blockers’ do

A

Block Beta 1 receptors only, so their effects are restricted to the heart

29
Q

Where do PS and S nerves NOT have opposing effects

A

Genitalia

30
Q

Where only receives sympathetic supply

A

Blood vessels and glands in the periphery (e.g. skin, muscle) therefore control is achieved by varying the activity in neurons

Human Systems (34 decks)

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