Content Area 7: Displaying And Interpreting Behavioral data Flashcards
Accuracy
How closely observed values match the true values
True values
A measure acceptable as the quantitative descrescription of the “true state” of an event as it exists
“special or extraordinary precautions to ensure all possible sources of error have been avoided or removed”
Reliability
Consistency of measurement. The extent to which repeated measurement of the same event yields of the same values
Direct measurement
Occurs when the phenomenon that is the focus of the experiment is exactly what is measured
Indirect measurement
Occurs when what is actually measured is somehow different from the target behavior of interest
Threats to Measurement Accuracy and Reliability
Poorly designed measurement system
Inadequate observer training
Unintended influences on observers
Threats to measurement validity
Measuring the wrong dimension of the target behavior
Poorly scheduled measurement periods
Continuous vs. discontinuous measurement
Continuous measurement
Measurement conducted in a manner in which all instances of the response class of interest are detected during the observation period
Discontinuous measurement
Describes any form of measurements in which some instances of the response classes of interest may not be detected
IOA
Refers to the degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events
Requisites for obtaining valid IOA measures
Observers must use the same measurement system
Observers must measure the same events
Observers must be independent
Total count IOA
Expressed as a percentage agreement between the total number of responses recorded by two observers and is calculated by dividing the smaller of the counts by the larger and multiplying by 100
Definitional measures
Topography
Magnitude
IOA obtained by event recording
Calculated by
A) total count recorded by each observer per measurement period
B) the counts tallied by each observer during each of a series of smaller intervals of time within the measurement period
C) each observers count of 1 or 0 on a trial by trial basis
Total Duration IOA
Computed by dividing the shorter of the two durations reported by the observers by the longer duration
3 techniques for calculating IOA
Interval-by-interval
Scored-interval
Unscored-interval
Interval-by-interval
Likely to overestimate agreements for low and high frequency behaviors
Scored interval IOA
Recommended for behaviors that occur at a relatively low frequency
Unscored interval IOA
Recommended for behaviors that occur at high frequencies
Line Graph horizontal axis
Represents passages of time and presence, absence and value of data
Line graph vertical axis
Y axis or ordinate: represents a range of values ofnthebdependent values
Origin
Intersection of vertical and horizontal axis
Bar graph
Or histogram. In ABA used for comparing discrete sets of data that are not related to one another
Cumulative Records
Developed by Skinner. Primary means of data collection in the experimental analysis of behavior. Cumulative recorder used to record the data
Precision teaching
Developed for use with standard celebration chart.
Focuses on celebration not frequency of incorrect vs. correct responses
Precision teaching is predicated on the position that:
A) learning is best measured as change in response rate
B) learning most often occurs through proportional changes
C) past changes in performance can project future learning
