Content Area 7: Displaying And Interpreting Behavioral data

Question 1

Accuracy

Answer 1

How closely observed values match the true values

Question 2

True values

Answer 2

A measure acceptable as the quantitative descrescription of the “true state” of an event as it exists

“special or extraordinary precautions to ensure all possible sources of error have been avoided or removed”

Question 3

Reliability

Answer 3

Consistency of measurement. The extent to which repeated measurement of the same event yields of the same values

Question 4

Direct measurement

Answer 4

Occurs when the phenomenon that is the focus of the experiment is exactly what is measured

Question 5

Indirect measurement

Answer 5

Occurs when what is actually measured is somehow different from the target behavior of interest

Question 6

Threats to Measurement Accuracy and Reliability

Answer 6

Poorly designed measurement system
Inadequate observer training
Unintended influences on observers

Question 7

Threats to measurement validity

Answer 7

Measuring the wrong dimension of the target behavior
Poorly scheduled measurement periods
Continuous vs. discontinuous measurement

Question 8

Continuous measurement

Answer 8

Measurement conducted in a manner in which all instances of the response class of interest are detected during the observation period

Question 9

Discontinuous measurement

Answer 9

Describes any form of measurements in which some instances of the response classes of interest may not be detected

Question 10

IOA

Answer 10

Refers to the degree to which two or more independent observers report the same observed values after measuring the same events

Question 11

Requisites for obtaining valid IOA measures

Answer 11

Observers must use the same measurement system
Observers must measure the same events
Observers must be independent

Question 12

Total count IOA

Answer 12

Expressed as a percentage agreement between the total number of responses recorded by two observers and is calculated by dividing the smaller of the counts by the larger and multiplying by 100

Question 13

Definitional measures

Answer 13

Topography

Magnitude

Question 14

IOA obtained by event recording

Answer 14

Calculated by
A) total count recorded by each observer per measurement period
B) the counts tallied by each observer during each of a series of smaller intervals of time within the measurement period
C) each observers count of 1 or 0 on a trial by trial basis

Question 15

Total Duration IOA

Answer 15

Computed by dividing the shorter of the two durations reported by the observers by the longer duration

Question 16

3 techniques for calculating IOA

Answer 16

Interval-by-interval
Scored-interval
Unscored-interval

Question 17

Interval-by-interval

Answer 17

Likely to overestimate agreements for low and high frequency behaviors

Question 18

Scored interval IOA

Answer 18

Recommended for behaviors that occur at a relatively low frequency

Question 19

Unscored interval IOA

Answer 19

Recommended for behaviors that occur at high frequencies

Question 20

Line Graph horizontal axis

Answer 20

Represents passages of time and presence, absence and value of data

Question 21

Line graph vertical axis

Answer 21

Y axis or ordinate: represents a range of values ofnthebdependent values

Question 22

Origin

Answer 22

Intersection of vertical and horizontal axis

Question 23

Bar graph

Answer 23

Or histogram. In ABA used for comparing discrete sets of data that are not related to one another

Question 24

Cumulative Records

Answer 24

Developed by Skinner. Primary means of data collection in the experimental analysis of behavior. Cumulative recorder used to record the data

Question 25

Precision teaching

Answer 25

Developed for use with standard celebration chart.

Focuses on celebration not frequency of incorrect vs. correct responses

Question 26

Precision teaching is predicated on the position that:

Answer 26

A) learning is best measured as change in response rate
B) learning most often occurs through proportional changes
C) past changes in performance can project future learning