common post natal problems Flashcards

1
Q

skin colour problems

A

jaundice
pallor
plethora
cyanosis

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2
Q

birthmarks

A
capillary hemangioma 
mongolian blue spot
port wine stain 
stork marks 
cafe au lait spots
giant melanocytic naevii
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3
Q

plethora

A

redness

vascular problems
polycythemia

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4
Q

cyanosis

A

peripheral: common, part of transition
central: needs Ix, O2 sats

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5
Q

jaundice causes: 1st 24hrs

A

sepsis

haemolytic

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6
Q

jaundice causes: 2nd day -2/3rd week

A

physiological
breast milk
sepsis
haemolysis

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7
Q

jaundice causes: prolonges

A

breast milk
hypothyroid
biliary obsruction - biliary atresia

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8
Q

Mx jaundice

A
treat underlying cause
hydrate 
phototherapy 
exchange transfusion 
Ig
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9
Q

erythema toxicum

A

maculopapular rash
fades by end 1st week - no Rx needed

more common in term neonates - rare in preterm

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10
Q

mongolian bluespots

A

blue-grey pigmented areas
accumulation of melanocytes

often lower back and buttocks
commoner in races with pigmented skin

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11
Q

capillary vascular malformations

A

stork marks

port wine stain

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12
Q

stork marks

A

naevus simplex
light colour capillary dilatation, commonly back of neck. + midline of face
within 1st 2yrs life, gradually fades

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13
Q

port wine stain

A

naevus flammeus
present at birth: flat or slightly raised
caused by dilatation of mature capillaries in superficial dermis
doesn’t regress

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14
Q

port wine stain associations

A

klippel trenuany

sturge-weber syndrome

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15
Q

capillary heamangioma - strawberry naevus

A

cluster of dilated capillaries, appearing within 1st mo
raised and bright red, discrete edges, occuring anywhere on body
usually regress >1yoa

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16
Q

what happens to neonate in cold stress

A

reduced arteriolar oxygen
metabolic acidosis
hypoglycaemia
reduced surfactant production

17
Q

management to prevent neonate hypothermia

A

dry quickly
remove wet linens
use warm towels
heated/humidified oxygen

18
Q

hypoglycaemia

A

blood sugar <2mmol /l

19
Q

hypoglycaemia: babies at risk

A

limited Glc supply: premature, perinatal stress
hyperinsulinism: diabetic mum
inc Glc use: sepsis, hypothermia

20
Q

hypoglycaemia when can bedside tests be inaccurate

A

high or low levels
poor perfusion
polycythemia

21
Q

hypoglycaemia best detection methods

A

blood gas machine

lab testing

22
Q

hypoglycaemia features

A
jitteriness
lethargy 
temp instability 
apnoea
hypotonia 
poor suck/feeding
high pitched cry 
seizures
23
Q

tongue ties

A

short +/- thickened frenulum

attatched anteriorly - base of tongue

24
Q

tongue tie management

A

most need none

frenotomy: if restriction tongue protrusion beyond alveolar margins and feeding is affected

25
evaluation of resp distress
resp rate: newborn tachypnoea >60/min O2 sats colour inc work breathing: grunting, nasal flaring, retraction
26
what can absent/weak femoral pulses be a sign of
coarctation of aorta
27
cleft lip classifications
incomplete or complete (continues to nose) | unilateral or bilateral
28
cleft lip
maxillary and medial nasal proscesses fail to merge, usually ~5wks gestation
29
cleft lip issues
feeding problems airway problems assoc anomalies: hearing screen, ECHO
30
cataracts
lens opacification can lead to blindness if undetected Mx: nothing or lens removal and artificial lens
31
retinoblastoma
rare eye cancer treated successfully if early detection Rx: chemo, laster therapy, eye removal
32
pseudomenstruation
girls vaginal bleed 2-10days sudden lack of oestrogen supply from mum usually lasts ~2 days, harmless
33
spinal dimples
can reveal more serious abnormality involving spine +/- spinal cord e.g. spina bifida
34
spinal dimples: when to do no further investigations
small, close to anus, in midline, no assoc skin features
35
spinal dimples: when to do spinal USS
large, off midline, further away from anus and assoc cutaenous marker e.g. hair growth
36
cephaloheamatomas
localised swelling over 1 or both sides head maximised by day 3/4life soft, non-transculemt beneath pericranium
37
cephaloheamatomas Rx
no rx neeed, resolution within 3-4wks
38
DDH
socket is shallow and not developed properly to hip has tendency to slip out and become dislocated
39
trisomy 21 features
``` low set ears epicanthic fold single palmar creases cardiac defects learning problems thyroid problems ```