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Medical Terminology CH 6 > CMA - CH 9 Key Terms - Infection Control and Medical Asepsis > Flashcards

CMA - CH 9 Key Terms - Infection Control and Medical Asepsis Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

A

disorder of the immune system caused by HIV, a retrovirus that destroys the body’s ability to fight infection. As the disease progresses, the individual becomes overcome by disorders, including cancers and opportunistic infections. No known cure.

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2
Q

aerobic

A

organism that requires O2 for survival and growth.

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3
Q

airborne transmission

A

spread of disease causing microorganisms through the air.

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4
Q

amoebic dysentery

A

infectious intestinal disease caused by amoebas and characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane of the colon.

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5
Q

anaerobic

A

organism that needs little or no O2 for survival/growth.

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6
Q

antibodies

A

specific chemicals produced by B cells of the immune system in response to an antigen.

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7
Q

aseptic

A

freedom from any infectious material; absence of microorganisms.

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8
Q

bacilli

A

one of the three classifications of bacteria; rod shaped.

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9
Q

barriers

A

obstacles that exist to protect an individual from contact with blood or other potentially infected materials. Called personal protective equipment (PPE), includes gloves, masks, face shields, laboratory coats, protective eyewear, and gowns.

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10
Q

bloodborne pathogen

A

microorganism capable of disease and found in blood or components of blood.

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11
Q

carrier

A

person who harbors a pathogenic organism and who is capable of transmitting the organism to others.

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12
Q

caustic

A

corrosive and burning; destructive to living tissue.

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13
Q

cell-mediated immunity

A

the regulatory activity of T cells during the specific immune response

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14
Q

chlamydiae

A

obligate intracellular parasites that are totally dependent on the host cell for energy.

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15
Q

cocci

A

bacteria that are round, spherical, oval, or ovoid in shape.

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16
Q

communicable

A

contagious; Capable of being transmitted from one person to another either directly or indirectly.

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17
Q

Contact Precautions

A

x

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18
Q

contact transmission

A

spread of disease-causing microorganisms by directly or indirectly touching the source of the infection or by touching an object or environmental surface.

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19
Q

contracting

A

acquiring an infection from pathogens

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20
Q

coryza

A

inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose due to an allergic reaction such as hay fever, or a cold.

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21
Q

debris

A

remains of broken down or damaged cells or tissues.

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22
Q

declination form

A

x

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23
Q

droplet transmission

A

method of spreading disease from respiratory secretions through the air. Spread is usually confined to within 3 feet of infected patient.

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24
Q

epidemic

A

an infectious disease that attacks many persons at the same time in the same location.

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25
Q

epidemiology

A

field of science that studies the history, cause, and patterns of infectious disease.

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26
Q

excoriated

A

scratches or superficial abrasions on the skin.

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27
Q

fomites

A

substance that absorbs and transmits infectious material; IE: contaminated equipment.

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28
Q

genotypes

A

genetic constitution of an organism (DNA sequence)

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29
Q

gross contamination

A

highly infectious material present

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30
Q

helminths

A

a general term meaning worms

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31
Q

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

virus causing AIDS; it is a retrovirus that ultimately destroys immune system cells.

32
Q

humoral immunity

A

immunity mediated by antibodies in the body fluids such as plasma and lymph.

33
Q

immune system

A

body’s strong line of defense against invading microorganisms. The body recognizes foreign substances such as microorganisms and produces substances to fight them off. Antibodies, white blood cells, digestive enzymes, and resistance of the skin are some examples.

34
Q

immunoglobulins

A

family of proteins capable of acting as antibodies, thereby protecting individuals from pathogenic microorganisms; also, antibodies produced by the cells of the immune response system.

35
Q

immunomodulators

A

substance that has the ability to change immune responses.

36
Q

immunosuppressed

A

refers to a patient whose immune system is unhealthy because of disease, medication, and/or genetics; these patients can be particularly susceptible to attack by microorganisms

37
Q

infection control

A

methods to eliminate or reduce transmission of infectious microorganisms

38
Q

infectious agents

A

pathogens responsible for a specific infectious disease

39
Q

imflammatory response

A

body’s defense against the threat of infection or trauma. Characterized by redness, pain, heat, and swelling.

40
Q

intracellular

A

inside the cell; located or occurring inside the cell.

41
Q

isolation

A

separating a patient with certain infections or communicable diseases from other individuals

42
Q

isolation categories

A

system of 7 categories developed by the CDC that isolates patients according to known infections. These have been condensed into three Transmission-Based Precautions based on air, contact, and droplet routes of transmission.

43
Q

lymphadenopathy

A

chronic enlargement or swelling of the lymph notes due to a disease process.

44
Q

malaise

A

discomfort, uneasiness, or indisposition, often indicative of infection.

45
Q

malaria

A

acute infectious disease caused by the presence of protozoan parasites within the red blood cells; usually comes from the bite of a female mosquito.

46
Q

medical asepsis

A

clean and free from infection.

47
Q

microorganisms

A

living creatures capable of transmission and reproduction in specific circumstances.

48
Q

morbidity

A

number of cases of a disease in a specific population

49
Q

mortality

A

the ratio of a number of deaths to a given population

50
Q

normal flora

A

microorganisms that are normally present in a specific site

51
Q

nosocomial

A

infection acquired in a health care setting

52
Q

one-handed technique

A

scooping technique for covering a dirty needle with it’s cover using only one hand, therefore decreasing risk of needle stick in absence of biohazard container.

53
Q

opportunistic infections

A

infection that results from a deficient immune system that cannot defend itself from pathogens normally found in the environment.

54
Q

palliative

A

refers to measures taken to relieve symptoms of disease.

55
Q

parenteral

A

injection of a liquid substance into the body via a route other than the alimentary canal.

56
Q

pathogens

A

disease causing microorganisms

57
Q

protozoa

A

one-celled animal divided into four groups: amoebae, flagellates, ciliates, and coccidia.

58
Q

pruritus

A

itchiness

59
Q

regulated waste

A

any waste that contains infectious material that would pose a threat due to possible transmission of pathogenic microorganisms

60
Q

resistance

A

ability of immune system to resist or withstand an infectious disease.

61
Q

rickettsiae

A

intracellular parasiticsmallnonmotive bacteria

62
Q

secretions

A

substance produced by the cells of glandular organs from materials in the blood

63
Q

severe acute respiratory syndrome

A

viral outbreak of a respiratory illness first reported in Asia in 2003; spread by close person-to-person contact and characterized by fever and respiratory symptoms.;

64
Q

sharps

A

needles, scalpels, and other sharp instruments that are capable of causing a penetrating or puncture wound of the skin.

65
Q

solvent

A

producing a solution, dissolving.

66
Q

spill kits

A

x

67
Q

sputum

A

substance from the respiratory tract expelled by coughing.

68
Q

Standard Precautions

A

guidelines recommended by the CDC to prevent the spread of microorganisms through direct or indirect contact. Contact precautions included donning of gown, gloves, and mask if there is to be contact with the patient or prolonged contact with their environment. This is in addition to Standard Precautions.

69
Q

Transmission-Based Precautions

A

second tier of CDC guidelines that applies to specific categories of patients and that includes air, contact, and droplet precautions. Always used in addition to Standard Precautions.

70
Q

trichomoniasis

A

infestation with a Trichomonas parasite, which may be transmitted through sexual intercourse.

71
Q

ultrasonic cleaner

A

machine that uses the energy of high-frequency sound waves that agitate to sanitize instruments before sterilization.

72
Q

Universal Precautions

A

guidelines established by the CDC to protect health care workers from infectious disease.

73
Q

vaccines

A

pharmacological agents capable of producing artificial active immunity.

74
Q

vector

A

a carrier of disease, usually an insect, that is the causative organism of disease from infected to noninfected individuals.

75
Q

virulence

A

an organisms relative power and degree of pathogenicity.

Medical Terminology CH 6 (24 decks)

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