CMA - CH 22 Key Terms

Question 1

absorption

Answer 1

Process by which a drug passes the drug passes into the body fluids and tissues

Question 2

abuse

Answer 2

misuse; excessive or improper use, especially of narcotics or psychoactive drugs

Question 3

administer

Answer 3

to give a medication

Question 4

anaphylaxis

Answer 4

Hypersensitive state of the body to a foreign protein or drug

Question 5

bioequivalent

Answer 5

as it relates to pharmacokinetics, two compounds of the same active ingredients that are equally bioavailable and produce the same desired effect on the body. (Generics must be bioequivalent to original.)

Question 6

biopharmaceuticals

Answer 6

a pharmaceutical agent that is extracted from, manufactured in, or semi-synthesized from a biologic product using biotechnology.

Question 7

biotransformation

Answer 7

chemical alteration that a drug undergoes in the body, usually in the liver.

Question 8

contraindication

Answer 8

any symptom or circumstance indicating that the use of a particular drug is inappropriate when it would otherwise be advisable. IE: Use of alcohol when the drug Flagyl is prescribed.

Question 9

controlled substances

Answer 9

drugs that are approved for medical use in the US and are determined by the government to have a high abuse potential and high likelihood of dependency.

Question 10

dispense

Answer 10

prepare and give out a medication to be taken at a later time.

Question 11

distribution

Answer 11

process whereby the drug is transported from the blood to the intended site of action, sit of biotransformation, sit of storage, and site of elimination.

Question 12

elimination

Answer 12

process whereby a drug is excreted from the body. Occurs via the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, skin, mucous membranes, and mammary glands.

Question 13

pharmacogenomics

Answer 13

study of the response of the body to various chemical compounds based on an individual’s genetic inheritance.

Question 14

pharmacology

Answer 14

study of drugs; the science concerned with the history, origin, sources, physical and chemical properties, and uses of drugs and their effects on living organisms.

Question 15

pharmazooticals

Answer 15

drugs obtained from tissues such as the adrenal glands of animals.

Question 16

prescribe

Answer 16

to order or recommend the use of a drug, diet, or other form of therapy.

Question 17

pruritis

Answer 17

itchiness

Question 18

transdermal

Answer 18

system of medication delivery that consists of a small adhesive patch that may be applied to intact skin near the treatment site.

Question 19

urticaria

Answer 19

hives

Question 20

MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: therapeutic

Answer 20

Used in treatment of condition to relieve symptoms. IE: antihistamine for allergies.

Question 21

MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: diagnostic

Answer 21

Used in conjunction of radiology and other diagnostic imaging procedures to allow provider to pinpoint location of a disease process. IE: Dye tablets used in x-ray study of gall bladder.

Question 22

MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: curative

Answer 22

Used to kill or remove the causative agent of a disease. IE: anti-biotic

Question 23

MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: replacement

Answer 23

Used to replace substances normally found in body. IE: Hormones, vitamins, insulin.

Question 24

MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: preventive or prophylactic

Answer 24

Used to ward off or lessen severity of a disease. IE: immunizing agents / vaccines.

Question 25

DRUG NAMES: chemical name

Answer 25

molecular structure; ID’s chemical structure. Begin with lowercase letter.

Question 26

DRUG NAMES: generic name

Answer 26

Drug’s official name and is assigned by United States Adopted Names Council. Can be manufactured by more than 1 pharma company. Each CO markets drug under unique trade or brand name. Generic names begin with lowercase letter.

Question 27

DRUG NAMES: Trade or brand name

Answer 27

Registered by US Patent and Trademark office - approved by USFDA.

Question 28

EXAMPLE DRUG FOR 3 DRUG NAMES

Answer 28

Chemical name: 1, 4:3, 6-dian hydrosorbitol-2, 5 dinitrate
Generic name: isosorbide dinitrate
Trade/Brand name: Sorbitrate

Question 29

5 Sources of Drugs

Answer 29

1. Plant sources (herbal supplements)
2. Animal sources
3. Mineral sources
4. Synthetic drugs (combo of chemicals identical to natural drug)
5. Genetically engineered pharmaceuticals (bacterial gene splicing)

Question 30

Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (federal)

Answer 30

1. ensures purity, strength, and composition of foods, drugs, and cosmetics.
2. Prohibits movement in interstate commerce of altered / misbranded food, drugs, devices, cosmetics.
3. Enforced by FDA, part of DHHS - Dept Health Human Svcs

Question 31

Controlled Substances Act of 1970

Answer 31

1. Regulates drugs w/ potential for abuse/addiction.
2. Controls manufacture, importation, compounding, selling, dealing in, and giving away of drugs.
3. Includes heroin, cocaine, their derivatives, other narcotics, stimulants, and depressants.
4. DEA monitors/enforces
5. AKA: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
6. Providers must be registered w/ DEA.

Question 32

Schedule I Drugs

Answer 32

high potential for abuse, not acepted for medical use in US. IE: heroin, LSD.

Question 33

Schedule II Drugs

Answer 33

high potential for abuse, but have accepted medical use in US. IE: Amphetamines, cocaine. IE Drugs: morphine, codeine, Ritalin, Percocet. Written prescription required; cannot be renewed.

Question 34

Schedule III Drugs

Answer 34

low-to-moderate potential for physical dependency, high potential for psychological dependency. Accepted for medical use in US. Prescriptions written or verbal, refilled only 5 x in 6 mos.

Question 35

Schedule IV Drugs

Answer 35

lower potential for abuse; have medical acceptance. Prescriptions can be refilled only 5 x in 6 mos. IE: Diazepam

Question 36

Schedule V Drugs

Answer 36

lowest abuse potential. Refilled 5 x in 6 mos. IE: Lomotil, Donnagel.

Question 37

Four Most Commonly Used Sections of Physician’s Desk Reference

Answer 37

1. (Section 2) Brand name and generic name INDEX (finds page for drug)
2. (Section 3) Classification or Category (prescribing category / product category INDEX)
3. (Section 4) Product ID guide (photo of drug)
4. (Section 5) Product information and alphabetical arrangement by manufacturer

Question 38

Principle actions of drugs

Answer 38

1. Local action - area where administered
2. Remote action - area distant from site administered
3. Systemic action - carried throughout body
4. Synergistic action - one drug increases or counteracts the actions of another.