CMA - CH 22 Key Terms Flashcards
absorption
Process by which a drug passes the drug passes into the body fluids and tissues
abuse
misuse; excessive or improper use, especially of narcotics or psychoactive drugs
administer
to give a medication
anaphylaxis
Hypersensitive state of the body to a foreign protein or drug
bioequivalent
as it relates to pharmacokinetics, two compounds of the same active ingredients that are equally bioavailable and produce the same desired effect on the body. (Generics must be bioequivalent to original.)
biopharmaceuticals
a pharmaceutical agent that is extracted from, manufactured in, or semi-synthesized from a biologic product using biotechnology.
biotransformation
chemical alteration that a drug undergoes in the body, usually in the liver.
contraindication
any symptom or circumstance indicating that the use of a particular drug is inappropriate when it would otherwise be advisable. IE: Use of alcohol when the drug Flagyl is prescribed.
controlled substances
drugs that are approved for medical use in the US and are determined by the government to have a high abuse potential and high likelihood of dependency.
dispense
prepare and give out a medication to be taken at a later time.
distribution
process whereby the drug is transported from the blood to the intended site of action, sit of biotransformation, sit of storage, and site of elimination.
elimination
process whereby a drug is excreted from the body. Occurs via the gastrointestinal tract, respiratory tract, skin, mucous membranes, and mammary glands.
pharmacogenomics
study of the response of the body to various chemical compounds based on an individual’s genetic inheritance.
pharmacology
study of drugs; the science concerned with the history, origin, sources, physical and chemical properties, and uses of drugs and their effects on living organisms.
pharmazooticals
drugs obtained from tissues such as the adrenal glands of animals.
prescribe
to order or recommend the use of a drug, diet, or other form of therapy.
pruritis
itchiness
transdermal
system of medication delivery that consists of a small adhesive patch that may be applied to intact skin near the treatment site.
urticaria
hives
MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: therapeutic
Used in treatment of condition to relieve symptoms. IE: antihistamine for allergies.
MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: diagnostic
Used in conjunction of radiology and other diagnostic imaging procedures to allow provider to pinpoint location of a disease process. IE: Dye tablets used in x-ray study of gall bladder.
MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: curative
Used to kill or remove the causative agent of a disease. IE: anti-biotic
MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: replacement
Used to replace substances normally found in body. IE: Hormones, vitamins, insulin.
MEDICAL USE FOR DRUG: preventive or prophylactic
Used to ward off or lessen severity of a disease. IE: immunizing agents / vaccines.
DRUG NAMES: chemical name
molecular structure; ID’s chemical structure. Begin with lowercase letter.
DRUG NAMES: generic name
Drug’s official name and is assigned by United States Adopted Names Council. Can be manufactured by more than 1 pharma company. Each CO markets drug under unique trade or brand name. Generic names begin with lowercase letter.
DRUG NAMES: Trade or brand name
Registered by US Patent and Trademark office - approved by USFDA.
EXAMPLE DRUG FOR 3 DRUG NAMES
Chemical name: 1, 4:3, 6-dian hydrosorbitol-2, 5 dinitrate
Generic name: isosorbide dinitrate
Trade/Brand name: Sorbitrate
5 Sources of Drugs
- Plant sources (herbal supplements)
- Animal sources
- Mineral sources
- Synthetic drugs (combo of chemicals identical to natural drug)
- Genetically engineered pharmaceuticals (bacterial gene splicing)
Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (federal)
- ensures purity, strength, and composition of foods, drugs, and cosmetics.
- Prohibits movement in interstate commerce of altered / misbranded food, drugs, devices, cosmetics.
- Enforced by FDA, part of DHHS - Dept Health Human Svcs
Controlled Substances Act of 1970
- Regulates drugs w/ potential for abuse/addiction.
- Controls manufacture, importation, compounding, selling, dealing in, and giving away of drugs.
- Includes heroin, cocaine, their derivatives, other narcotics, stimulants, and depressants.
- DEA monitors/enforces
- AKA: Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act
- Providers must be registered w/ DEA.
Schedule I Drugs
high potential for abuse, not acepted for medical use in US. IE: heroin, LSD.
Schedule II Drugs
high potential for abuse, but have accepted medical use in US. IE: Amphetamines, cocaine. IE Drugs: morphine, codeine, Ritalin, Percocet. Written prescription required; cannot be renewed.
Schedule III Drugs
low-to-moderate potential for physical dependency, high potential for psychological dependency. Accepted for medical use in US. Prescriptions written or verbal, refilled only 5 x in 6 mos.
Schedule IV Drugs
lower potential for abuse; have medical acceptance. Prescriptions can be refilled only 5 x in 6 mos. IE: Diazepam
Schedule V Drugs
lowest abuse potential. Refilled 5 x in 6 mos. IE: Lomotil, Donnagel.
Four Most Commonly Used Sections of Physician’s Desk Reference
- (Section 2) Brand name and generic name INDEX (finds page for drug)
- (Section 3) Classification or Category (prescribing category / product category INDEX)
- (Section 4) Product ID guide (photo of drug)
- (Section 5) Product information and alphabetical arrangement by manufacturer
Principle actions of drugs
- Local action - area where administered
- Remote action - area distant from site administered
- Systemic action - carried throughout body
- Synergistic action - one drug increases or counteracts the actions of another.
