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Medical Terminology CH 6 > CMA - CH 17 Key Terms > Flashcards

CMA - CH 17 Key Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acute / adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

A

Life-threatening condition that occurs when there is severe fluid buildup and hemorrhage in the lungs. ARDS is breathing failure that can occur in critically ill patients with underlying illnesses. There is a high mortality rate. Patients may be place placed on isolation precautions.

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2
Q

amblyopia

A

cond where 1 eye has stronger vision than the other. Caused by eye and brain not working together. AKA Lazy eye.

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3
Q

anaphylaxis

A

hypersensitive state of the body to a foreign protein or drug

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4
Q

anorexia nervosa

A

eating disorder of psychological origin. Need to avoid weight gain, individual does not eat, becomes emaciated, and malnourished.

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5
Q

aphasia

A

Inability to speak.

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6
Q

appendicular skeleton

A

skeleton that consists of the pectoral and pelvic girdles and the upper and lower extremities. The pelvic girdle attaches the upper extremities to the trunk.

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7
Q

auricle

A

AKA: Pinna. External ear

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8
Q

axial skeleton

A

consists of the bones that lie around the center of the body.

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9
Q

bariatrics

A

field of medicine that involves prevention, control, and treatment of obesity and conditions associated with obesity.

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10
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Neurologic system disorder. Paralysis of the 17th cranial nerve caused by acute inflammation. Usu characterized by unilateral facial paralysis and pain, but it can be bi-lateral.

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11
Q

biopsy

A

removal of sm piece of living tissue from anorgan or other part of the body for microscopic examination to confirm or est a diagnosis

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12
Q

bronchodilator

A

drug that expands the bronchial tubes

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13
Q

bulimia

A

Ind binges and purges food. Laxative abuse. Psychological origin; avoiding weight gain.

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14
Q

carbuncle

A

Circumscribed inflammation and infection of the skin and deeper tissues accompanied by fever, leukocytosis, and sometimes prostration. Cause: Staphylococcus, common in patients w/ diabetes.

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15
Q

Cerebral Vascular Accident (CVA)

A

AKA: Stroke. Loss of blood supply to brain (anoxia). May be caused by ruptured or clogged blood vessel or clot in the brain. Symptoms: Sudden loss of consciousness & paralysis.

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16
Q

cerumen

A

AKA: Ear wax. Substance secreted by glands at outer third of ear canal.

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17
Q

chalazion

A

benign, painless bump or nodule inside the upper or lower eyelid. My result from healed internal styes and form around an oil gland in the tissue of the eyelid resulting in inflammation.

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18
Q

colonoscopy

A

viewing the colon with a lighted scope

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19
Q

comedones

A

blackheads; usu result of blocked sebaceous glands caused by acne.

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20
Q

conjunctivitis

A

inflammation or infection of outer membrane of the eyeball and the inner eyelid.

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21
Q

deep tendon reflexes

A

rapid contraction of a tendon in response to a rapid tap that demonstrates an intact spinal cord and nerve arc.

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22
Q

dermatophytosis

A

AKA: Ringworm. Highly contagious fungal infection of skin; common on hands/feet. (Feet = athlete’s foot)

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23
Q

dermatophytosis

A

AKA: Ringworm. Highly contagious fungal infection of skin; common on hands/feet. (Feet = athlete’s foot or tinea pedis)

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24
Q

dysuria

A

painful urination

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25
Q

encephalitis

A

Inflammation of the brain tissue. Usually due to a viral infection but may be caused by bacterial, fungal, parasitic, or rickettsial infections.

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26
Q

endoscope

A

instrument used to observe the inside of a hollow organ or cavity.

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27
Q

epistaxis

A

AKA: Nosebleed. Acute hemorrhage from nostril, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx.

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28
Q

erythema

A

Redness. Related: Dermatitis - caused by a specific irritant characterized by erythema, or inflammation.

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29
Q

external respiration

A

ventilation of the lungs when the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes place. (Gas exchange between air in alveoli and blood in pulmonary capillaries.)

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30
Q

fibromyalgia

A

discomfort of muscles, tendons, ligaments, and soft tissues brought on by trauma, strain, and emotional stress.

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31
Q

furuncle

A

(boil) acute circumscribed infection of subcutaneous tissues and surrounding tissues caused by staphylococci.

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32
Q

furuncle

A

(boil) acute circumscribed infection of subcutaneous tissues and surrounding tissues caused by staphylococci. (See carbuncle.)

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33
Q

gamma globulin

A

antibody produced by the body in response to foreign substances such as bacteria, viruses, and cancerous cells. AKA: Immunoglobins.

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34
Q

glaucoma

A

cond caused by increased intraocular pressure due to a buildup of aqueous humor. Results in mild visual disturbances with little to no pain but can lead to severe visual impairment if untreated.

35
Q

gout

A

form of arthritis caused by metabolic disturbances in purine metabolism resulting in uric acid crystal deposits in the joints. Causes periodic attacks of arthritis pain and joint inflammation.

36
Q

hematochezia

A

bright red blood in feces

37
Q

hematuria

A

blood in the urine.

38
Q

hemoptysis

A

Blood present in sputum. Spitting up of blood arising from the mouth, larynx, trachea, bronchi. or lungs characterized by a sudden attack of coughing with production of bloody sputum.

39
Q

hordeolum

A

AKA: Stye. Inflamed sebaceous gland of eyelid caused by bacterial infection. Erythema and tenderness at site are common symptoms.

40
Q

hyperopia

A

AKA: Farsightedness. Caused when eyeball is shortened (irregularly shaped); image is focused behind retina, causing distance vision to be unclear.

41
Q

inhalers

A

devices used to deliver medication into the lungs and are most often used to treat asthma.

42
Q

internal respiration

A

passage of oxygen from the blood to the cells. (Gas exchange between tissue cells and blood in systemic capillaries.)

43
Q

intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

A

radiographic study of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder using a contrast medium

44
Q

malabsorption

A

inadequate absorption of nutrients from the intestinal tract.

45
Q

malaise

A

discomfort, uneasiness, or indisposition, often indicative of infection.

46
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the membranes of the spinal cord or brain. Maybe caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Symptoms: stiff neck, headache, anorexia, and irregular fever. Caused by either bacterium or virus.

47
Q

metered dose inhaler (MDI)

A

device used to deliver a prescribed amount of medication to the respiratory tract, especially the lungs.

48
Q

morbid obesity

A

obesity so severe it can result in disease.

49
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

(MG) is a neuromuscular disorder that causes weakness in the skeletal muscles, which are the muscles your body uses for movement. It occurs when communication between nerve cells and muscles becomes impaired.

50
Q

myopia

A

AKA: Nearsightedness. Caused by an elongated (irregularly shaped) eyeball: image is focused in front of the retina, resulting in inability to focus on objects at a distance.

51
Q

nebulizer

A

apparatus that changes the medication for asthma from a liquid form into a mist for ease of inhaling into the lungs.

52
Q

nocturia

A

excessive urination at night

53
Q

nystagmus

A

continuous, involuntary movement of the eyes

54
Q

oliguria

A

absence of urine production

55
Q

otitis media

A

acute infection of the middle ear usually caused by bacteria. Symptoms: pain, fever, discharge, decreased hearing acuity.

56
Q

otoscope

A

lighted instrument used to examine tympanic membrane and external ear canal.

57
Q

oximetry

A

method of measuring oxygen saturation in a noninvasive manner.

58
Q

polyps

A

tumors with a stem found in the nose, uterus, bladder, colon, or rectum.

59
Q

presbyopia

A

AGE RELATED. Lens loses its elasticity and ability to accommodate. Vision is hampered when items are close.

60
Q

proteinuria

A

protein in the urine.

61
Q

pruritis

A

itchiness

62
Q

pyuria

A

puss in the urine.

63
Q

rhizotomy

A

Procedure where nerve fibers are damaged to block pain.

64
Q

rosacea

A

chronic skin condition characterized by pustules, papules, erythema, and hyperplasia. Cause unknown.

65
Q

salicylates

A

aspirin-type drugs that can cause ulcers because of their irritation to the gastrointestinal tract..

66
Q

sigmoidoscopy

A

diagnostic examination of the interior of the sigmoid colon.

67
Q

Snellen chart

A

consists of the alphabet letters in various combinations starting at the top with a large E, and letters of descending size by line towards the bottom. each line is labeled with a visual acuity measurement.

68
Q

spirometry

A

test used to measure the air capacity of the lungs

69
Q

strabismus

A

disorder of the eye in which optic axes cannot be directed to the same object (cross-eye)

70
Q

sudoriferous (glands)

A

sweat glands; located in epidermis; secretes sweat

71
Q

Tic douloureux

A

Degeration of or pressure on the trigeminal (5th cranial) nerve. Causes severe stabs of pain that radiate from the angle of the jaw along one of the branches. Pain may be felt in the eye, lip, nose, and/or tongue. Pain may come and go for hours.

72
Q

trabeculoplasty

A

very focused beam of light to treat the drainage angle of the eye, easing the flow of ocular fluid and decreasing the pressure in the eye

73
Q

tympanostomy

A

placement of a tube through the tympanic membrane to allow ventilation of the middle ear; part of treatment for otitis media.

74
Q

urticaria

A

hives

75
Q

myringotomy

A

surgical incision into tympanic membrane made to remove accumulated fluid caused by infection.

76
Q

epistaxis

A

AKA: Nose bleed. acute hemorrhage from nostril, nasal cavity, or nasopharynx.

77
Q

LESION: macule

A

flat, distinct, discolored area of skin that is usually less than 1cm in diameter (freckle)

78
Q

LESION: papule

A

solid or cystic raised spot on the skin that is less than 1cm in diameter (mosquito bite)

79
Q

LESION: nodule

A

solid or cystic raised bumps in the skin that are wider than 1cm but less than 2cm (cyst)

80
Q

LESION: vesicle

A

small, fluid-filled blister on the skin (2nd degree burn)

81
Q

LESION: wheel

A

localized elevation of the epidermis (hives)

82
Q

SKIN CANCER: basal cell carcinoma

A

Most common skin cancer, and the least dangerous bc does not metastasize. The bottom layer of the epidermis is the basal cell layer, and cells in this layer are the ones that become cancerous. Most basal cell cancers occur on skin that is regularly exposed to sunlight or other ultraviolet radiation.

83
Q

SKIN CANCER: squamous cell carcinoma

A

Responds well to surgical removal but can metastasize to lymph glands if neglected. Squamous cell carcinoma is an uncontrolled growth of abmornal cells arising in the squamous cells, which compose most of the skin’s upper layers.

84
Q

SKIN CANCER: malignant melanoma

A

Least common skin cancer, but the most deadly. Metastasizes quickly and is fatal if neglected. These cancerous growths develop when unrepaired DNA damage to skin cells (most often caused by ultraviolet radiation from sunshine or tanning beds) triggers mutations that lead the skin cells to multiply rapidly and form malignant tumors. The tumors originate in the pigment-producing melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis.

Medical Terminology CH 6 (24 decks)

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