CH 31 Key Terms - Specialty Laboratory Tests

Question 1

ABO Blood Group

Answer 1

genetically determined system of antigens found on the surface of erythrocytes. The population can be divided into four ABO blood groups: A, B, AB, and O.

Question 2

bilirubin

Answer 2

orange-yellow pigment that forms from the breakdown of hemoglobin in aged or damabed RBCs. Bilirubin usually travels in the blood sream to the liver, where it is converted to a water soluble form and is excreted into the bile.

Question 3

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

Answer 3

nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea. The level of nitrogen in the blood is an indicator of kidney funciton.

Question 4

cholesterol

Answer 4

sterol lipid that is widely distributed in animal tissues and ingested in foods containing animal products such as meat, dairy products, and eggs. Cholesterol is produced in the liver, and is a component of bile, and is needed in limited amounts for body functions.

Question 5

Guthrie screening test

Answer 5

AKA newborn screening test; diagnostic test for the detection of phenylketonuria (PKU)

Question 6

high-density lipoprotein (HDL)

Answer 6

lipoprotein in the blood composed primarily of protein; removes cholesterol from peripheral tissues and transports them to the liver for excretion.

Question 7

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

Answer 7

hormone secreted by the trophoblast after fertilization of the ovum. It may be detected in the blood and urine of pregnant women.

Question 8

induration

Answer 8

x

Question 9

low-density lipoprotein (LDL)

Answer 9

lipoprotein in the blood composed primarily of cholesterol. The cholesterol carried by LDL may be deposited in peripheral tissues and is associated with an increased risk for heart disease.

Question 10

Mantoux test

Answer 10

test for tuberculosis involving the intracutaneous injection of purified protein derivative (PPD)

Question 11

phenylketonuria (PKU)

Answer 11

hereditary disease caused by the body’s inability to oxidize the amino acid phenylalanine. If not discovered and treated early, brain damage can occur, causing severe intellectual disability and other serious permanent disabilities.

Question 12

purified protein derivative (PPD)

Answer 12

filtrate obtained from Mycobacterium cultures used for intradermal testing for tuberculosis.

Question 13

Rh factor

Answer 13

blood factor indicating the presence or absence of the Rh antigen on the surface of human erythrocytes.

Question 14

triglycerides

Answer 14

form of fat in the bloodstream that functions to store energy; an overabundance can cause cardiofascular disease.