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Medical Terminology CH 6 > CMA - CH 13 Key Terms > Flashcards

CMA - CH 13 Key Terms Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alpha-fetoprotein

A

Test done during pregnancy testing mother’s serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) blood test. Done approx 16th week of pregnancy; screening test done to rule out neural tube defects, abdominal wall defects, and chromosomal problems such as Down syndrome. If positive additional testing done, IE: amniocentesis or ultrasound for DX.

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2
Q

amniocentesis

A

surgical puncture of the amniotic sac to remove fluid for laboratory analysis

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3
Q

amniotomy

A

artificial rupture of the amniotic sac

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4
Q

bacterial vaginosis

A

an overgrowth of normal vaginal bacteria that results in an abnormal discharge

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5
Q

Bartholin glands

A

one of two small mucous glands located at the vaginal opening at the base of the labia majora

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6
Q

bimanual examination

A

examination performed by the provider using two hands to examine the internal pelvic organs. Two fingers of one hand are inserted into the vagina and the other hand presses on the outside of the abdominal wall. Shape, consistency, and position of the pelvic organs can be determined.

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7
Q

candidiasis

A

infection of the skin or mucous membrane with any species of the fungi, Candida.

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8
Q

carcinoma in situ

A

cancer that does not extend beyond the basement membrane.

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9
Q

cervical punch biopsy

A

biopsy of the uterine cervix using an instrument, the end of which is a punch

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10
Q

chlamydia

A

a bacterium which causes one of the most prevalent sexually transmitted diseases.

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11
Q

colposcopy

A

visual examination of vaginal and cervical tissues using a colposcope following an abnormal pap smear. A magnifying lens and powerful lights are used.

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12
Q

condylomata

A

a wart-like lesion of viral origin found on external genitalia or perianal region.

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13
Q

congenital anomalies

A

conditions present at time of birth that deviate from what is considered normal.

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14
Q

contraception

A

voluntary prevention of pregnancy

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15
Q

coupling agent

A

an agent used when ultrasonography is used; enhances penetration of sound waves through tissue.

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16
Q

cryosurgery

A

destruction of tissue by application of extreme cold, silver nitrate, and carbon dioxide.

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17
Q

diethylstilbestrol (DES)

A

synthetic hormone used therapeutically in menopausal disturbances. It should not be given during pregnancy. It has been related to cervicovaginal malignances in daughters of mothers who had it prescribed for them to treat a threatened abortion. DES has been related to reproductive disorders in males whose mothers took it during pregnancy.

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18
Q

dilation

A

expansion of an orifice or organ.

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19
Q

Down syndrome

A

genetic defect present at birth that is the result of an abnormality of chromosome 21.

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20
Q

dysmenorrhea

A

painful menses.

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21
Q

dyspareunia

A

painful intercourse.

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22
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development of tissue

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23
Q

eclampsia

A

complication of pregnancy that includes general edema, hypertension, proteinuria, and convulsions.

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24
Q

ectopic pregnancy

A

implementation of the fertilized ovum outside of the uterine cavity.

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25
Q

efacement

A

thinning and shortening of the cervical canal during labor to permit passage of the fetus.

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26
Q

endometriosis

A

occurs when tissue that resembles the endometrium invades various locations in the pelvic cavity and elsewhere.

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27
Q

erosion

A

destruction of the superficial layer of tissue by trauma, ulceration, or inflammation.

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28
Q

formalin

A

an aqueous solution of 37% formaldehyde.

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29
Q

fulgurated

A

destroyed by electric current

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30
Q

genitalia

A

reproductive organs, internal and external

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31
Q

gestation

A

period of development from fertilization to birth

32
Q

gestational diabetes

A

Diabetes that first manifests clinically during pregnancy. It usually subsides after delivery.

33
Q

gravidity

A

total number of pregnancies a woman has had regardless of duration , including a present one.

34
Q

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

A

hormone secreted by the trophoblast after fertilization of the ovum. It may be detected in the blood and urine ofpregnant women.

35
Q

hyperemesis gravidarum

A

severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy with inability to eat. May lead to severe dehydration.

36
Q

hypoxia

A

oxygen deficiency

37
Q

hysterosalpingogram

A

X-ray of uterus and fallopian tubes using a contrast medium

38
Q

intraepithelial

A

within the epithelium

39
Q

involutes

A

when the uterus returns to normal size and shape after childbirth

40
Q

Lamaze

A

a method of childbirth which teaches the mother about the physiology of childbirth and techniques of relaxation, concentration, and breathing.

41
Q

laparoscopy

A

procedure in which a lighted instrument is used to view the inside of the pelvic cavity.

42
Q

lochia

A

discharge from the uterus of blood, mucus, and tissue during the period after childbirth.

43
Q

meconium

A

first feces of a newborn.

44
Q

menopausal hormone therapy (MHT)

A

when natural hormones are symptomatically absent and hormones from outside the body are ingested to elevate levels.

45
Q

metrorrhagia

A

uterine bleeding at irregular intervals

46
Q

multigravida

A

a woman who has been pregnant more than once

47
Q

Nagele’s rule

A

usual method of calculating expected DOB

48
Q

neonatal

A

pertaining to a newborn

49
Q

nullipara

A

a woman who has not carried a pregnancy to the stage of viability

50
Q

oxytocin

A

a pituitary hormone that stimulates the muscles of the uterus to contract, thus inducing labor.

51
Q

Pap (Papanicolaou) test

A

screening exam to detect the presence of abnormal cervical cells

52
Q

parity

A

carrying a pregnancy to the point of viability regardless of the outcome

53
Q

parturition

A

process of giving birth

54
Q

patency

A

open, not blocked

55
Q

pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)

A

infection of the uterus, fallopian tubes, and adjacent pelvic structures; most common causes are gonorrhea and chlamydia, spread as sexually transmitted diseases.

56
Q

placenta abruptio

A

sudden and abrupt separation of the placenta from uterine wall

57
Q

placenta previa

A

occurs when the placenta lies low in the uterus and can partially or completely cover the cervical os

58
Q

polycystic

A

many cysts; as in polycystic ovarian syndrome in which the ovary is enlarged and has many fluid-filled sacs

59
Q

postcoital

A

period of time after (following) sexual intercourse

60
Q

preeclampsia

A

a complication of pregnancy characterized by generalized edema, hypertension, ad proteinuria

61
Q

prenatal

A

period of time between fertilization and birth

62
Q

primigravidas

A

women who are pregnant for the first time

63
Q

prostaglandins

A

modulators of biochemical activity in tissues

64
Q

puerperium

A

period from the end of the third stage of labor until involution of uterus is complete, usually 3 - 6 weeks

65
Q

sickle cell anemia

A

an inherited blood disorder that may shorten lifespan

66
Q

supine hypotension

A

condition that may occur when a pregnant woman is loying in supine position; the heavy, large uterus presses on the inferior vena cava and aorga, reducing blood flow back to the heart

67
Q

Tay-Sachs

A

inherited disease that is usually fatal

68
Q

thalassenia

A

hereditary anemia that may be fatal

69
Q

titer

A

measure of the amount of antibody present against a particular antigen

70
Q

trichomoniasis

A

infestation with a Trichomonas parasite, which may be transmitted through sexual intercourse

71
Q

trimester

A

three months; one third of the gestational period of pregnancy.

72
Q

ultrasonography

A

process of placing a handheld transducer against a body area to be tested. The transducer sends sound waves through the skin and the various internal organs. When echoes are formed and sent back, the transducer converts them into electrical signals. The energy is transformed into a picture on a monitor or printed on paper. Photographs of the images can be taken and become a part of the patient’s permanent record.

73
Q

vesicles

A

blisters or other elevations on the skin

74
Q

viability

A

ability to live, grow, and develop after birth; usually 12 weeks or greater than 1 pound.

75
Q

wet mount

A

a method of adding liquid, usually saline or potassium hydrochloride, to a specimen on a slide for exam and preservation. The specimen is placed on a slide and one drop of saline (for diagnosis of trichomonas vaginalis) or potassium hydrochloride (for DX of yeast infections) is applied and mixed with the specimen. It is then covered with a coverslip and examined microscopically.

Medical Terminology CH 6 (24 decks)

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