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British History HLS > Churchill's leadership > Flashcards

Churchill's leadership Flashcards

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1
Q

when did Churchill become PM

A

10th May 1940

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2
Q

what happened on the same day as Churchill became PM

A

Hitler released Blitzkrieg in the West

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3
Q

what assets did Churchill possess that would be advantageous to the war

A

obstinancy, ruthlessness and desire for action

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4
Q

What did Churchill do in the wake of events at Dunkirk

A

spoke honestly to the British people and sued rhetoric to inspire people

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5
Q

Why were Churchill’s words of his famous speech so effective

A

He told people how heroic they were going to be

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6
Q

What did some critics think of Churchill’s military approach of fighting on

A

it was unnecessarily dangerous

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7
Q

What image did Churchill portray and why was this important

A

the living embodiment of resistance to the Nazis

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8
Q

Which other PM has Churchill been likened to

A

Margaret Thatcher

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9
Q

Who were the key members of Churchill’s war cabinet?

A

Neville Chamberlain, Arthur Greenwood and Clement Attlee

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10
Q

Who was Duff Cooper and what happened to him

A

Minister of Information and he was stripped of his job and sent to the far east

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11
Q

To what extent did Churchill downsize his Cabinet and why

A

it went from 9 to 5. He did so to make decisions more effectively

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12
Q

What position did Churchill hold in the war cabinet

A

Minister of Defence

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13
Q

What change in leadership style did Churchill adopt just before the Battle of Britain

A

hands-off leadership, with him, only intervening constructively. He gave subordinates more power.

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14
Q

what new post was created to deal with the problems created in the Battle of Britain?

A

minister of aircraft production

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15
Q

What does MBWA stand for and why did Churchill adopt this approach

A

Management by Walking about - so he could resolve the pilot shortage

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16
Q

What test did Churchill face in August 1940

A

Increased intensity of Luftwaffe bombing

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17
Q

What was the purpose of the bombing of Berlin on 25th August 1940

A

it was a political act, to show Britain’s ability to attack

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18
Q

What was the consequence of the attack on Berlin

A

it enraged Hitler

19
Q

What were Hitler’s aims when he began the Blitz on Britain

A

Wreck economy to break civilian morale

20
Q

How did Churchill rally the spirit of the people?

A

He visited stricken areas

21
Q

How did Churchill seem to be ready for the war leadership

A

A.J.P Taylor claimed, ‘it was as if all his life had been an unconscious preparation for this hour’

22
Q

What happened in May 1941 and July 1942

A

Erskine-Hill (chairman of the 1922 committee) met Lord Woolton to discuss the possibility of replacing Churchill. In August 1942, Woolton reported that the Party ‘thinks that Winston has had his day’.

23
Q

What act was passed in 1940 and what did it do

A

the emergency powers act in 1940, which would give the government almost total power over property and British citizens, with it being an early indication of the strength of the Churchill administration

24
Q

How did Churchill make sure that his generals were always in full control of their briefs

A

‘ceaseless prodding’ for information and updates

25
Q

Who discouraged Churchill from some of his more outlandish suggestions

A

Alan Brooke, the chief of his general staff

26
Q

What happened on 8 August 1940

A

31 German planes were shot down, compared with 20 British ones.

27
Q

What happened on 15 September 1940

A

Hitler call off his planned invasion of Britain on 15th September, after a day on which 60 German planes were lost.

28
Q

how many planes were produced in July 1940

A

496

29
Q

What are examples of the war at sea being successful

A

The sinking of half the Italian fleet at Taranto, as well as the Bismarck in 1941 was an achievement

30
Q

What was an important turning point in the war

A

the battle of el-alamein

31
Q

What did the battles of el-alamein secure

A

Egypt and the Suez Canal and stopped the Axis powers in Ukraine and the Middle East combining

32
Q

What were the statistics of D-Day

A

326,000 men had safely landed by end of the first week. Over 3 million troops were eventually landed, leading to the liberation of Paris and later Brussels and Antwerp, enabling allied troops ultimately to liberate Germany by May 1945

33
Q

What happened after July 1944

A

Carpet bombing

34
Q

What are the two aspects to characterise Churchill’s wartime leadership

A

national leadership and military strategy

35
Q

Who did Churchill delegate key decisions to

A

Bevin and Attlee

36
Q

What helped to boost morale

A

‘the Dunkirk spirit’

37
Q

How can Churchill sometimes be seen as

A

a meddler among the civil servants due to his many servants

38
Q

What did Churchill have the reputation for being

A

a serial floor crosser

39
Q

Who did Churchill underestimate

A

Japan

40
Q

What did Japan do throughout the war

A

it took hong kong and captured airfields in Malaya. The Japanese cut off Singapore’s water supply and forced it to surrender. Churchill had belied that Singapore was unassailable.

41
Q

why were the carpet bombings criticised

A

they were morally wrong. 50,000 German civilians were killed no one night in Feb 1945 and were condemned by some Labour MPs and the church

42
Q

Which interventions of Churchill’s was a mistake

A

Greece

43
Q

why was Greece a mistake

A

60,000 troops were sent to Crete which was not properly fortified and captured by a German parachute attack. 36,000 British troops were killed

British History HLS (38 decks)

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