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British History HLS > ADV INFO - Impact of the Second World War on British Politics > Flashcards

ADV INFO - Impact of the Second World War on British Politics Flashcards

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1
Q

when did Britain declare war on Germany

A

3 September 1939

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2
Q

when was the German invasion of Norway and Denmark

A

April 1940

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3
Q

when did Chamberlain resign

A

10 May 1940

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4
Q

when did Germany overrun west Europe

A

May - June 1940

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5
Q

when did British troops evacuate from Dunkirk

A

27 May - 4 June 1940

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6
Q

when did France surrender

A

22 June 1940

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7
Q

when did the battle of britian start

A

August 1940

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8
Q

when did hitler start bombing cities

A

September 1940

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9
Q

when did British soldiers withdraw from Greece

A

April 1941

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10
Q

When did British soldiers withdraw from Crete

A

June 1941

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11
Q

when did singapore fall

A

Feb 1942

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12
Q

when did the japanese start their occupation of Burma

A

March 1942

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13
Q

when was the first battle of el Alamein

A

July 1942

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14
Q

when was Tripoli captured by the allies

A

January 1943

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15
Q

When did Italy surrender

A

8 September 1943

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16
Q

when was D Day

A

6 June 1944

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17
Q

When was Paris liberated

A

25 August 1944

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18
Q

When was the battle of bulge

A

December 1944

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19
Q

When did the Japanese withdraw from Burma

A

April 1945

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20
Q

when was VE day

A

8 May 1945

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21
Q

when did Attlee become PM

A

5 July 1945

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22
Q

when was VJ day

A

15 August 1945

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23
Q

why was the beginning of the war known as the phoney war

A

the initial months of the conflict saw little action

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24
Q

when did the war start to escalate

A

April 1940

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25
Q

what was the Dunkirk spirit

A

it boosted British morale

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26
Q

what did the surrender of France lead to

A

Britain was alone in its fight against Nazi Germany

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27
Q

what were the political difficulties that Churchill faced

A

he was unpopular with his conservative colleagues

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28
Q

why were MPs suspicious of Churchill

A

his attacks on Chamberlain as an appeaser and his support for Edward VIII during the abdication crisis

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29
Q

what did RAB Butler say about Churchill

A

they had weakly surrendered to a half breed American

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30
Q

what did Churchill have the reputation for being

A

a serial floor crosser

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31
Q

what happened on Churchill’s first appearance as PM

A

he was cheered by Labour and Liberal MPs, whereas his own side largely cheered for Chamberlain

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32
Q

why were labour suspicious of Churchill

A

they remembered his enthusiasm for engaging the army during the general strike

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33
Q

What did Erskine May do in May 1941 and July 1942

A

met with lord Woolton to try and replace Churchill. They said that the party ‘thinks that Winston has had his day’

34
Q

who was Erskine may

A

chairman of the 1922 committee

35
Q

why did Churchill have the image of being a strong wartime leader

A

his consistent support for rearmament and opposing Hitler

36
Q

what did A.J.P. Taylor say about Churchill

A

it was as if all his life had been an unconscious preparation for this hour

37
Q

how did Churchill choose his cabinet well

A

the war cabinet included chamberlain, Halifax, Labour leader Attlee and another Labour member, Arthur Greenwood.

38
Q

who was the minister for labour in the cabinet

A

Ernest Bevin

39
Q

who was the minister of aircraft production

A

Lord Beaverbrook

40
Q

who was home sec

A

Hebert Morrison (Labour)

41
Q

who was president of the board of trade

A

Hugh Dalton (Labour)

42
Q

what act passed in 1940

A

the emergency powers act

43
Q

what did the emergency powers act do

A

it gave the government almost total power over property and British citizens.

44
Q

what have historians emphasised about Churchill’s leadership style

A

his energy and enthusiasm for getting involved in all aspects of military strategy

45
Q

what were the benefits of Churchill’s enthusiasm

A

he ensured that generals were always in control of their beliefs as a result of his ceaseless proofing for information and updates

46
Q

what were the disadvantages of Churchill’s enthusiasm

A

his style made him unpopular among civil servants, who tended to see him as a meddler, as well as some of his cabinet colleagues, who resented his long interventions during meetings

47
Q

who managed to dissuade Churchill from some of his outlandish suggestions

A

Alan Brooke, the chief of the general staff

48
Q

what was Churchill accredited with being content to do

A

delegate key decisions on the home front to his colleagues, especially Attlee and Bevin

49
Q

what did Churchill allow

A

for himself to be overruled on a number of domestic issues including the conscription of women in 1941 and the introduction of clothes rationing, both of which he personally opposed.

50
Q

what were arguably Churchill’s greatest strengths

A

his will to win and his ability to boost the morale of the British people

51
Q

how did Churchill boost morale

A

his inspiring oratory, both on the radio and in the House of Commons, made a significant difference to the public’s self-belief and contributed to the success of the Home Front’s efforts to keep troops well supplied

52
Q

what did the RAF do well during the battle of Britain

A

they resisted German attempts to target aerodromes and communication systems. On 8th August 1940, 31 German planes were shot down, compared with 20 British ones. Hitler called off his planned invasion of Britain on 15th September, after a day on which 60 german planes were lost

53
Q

what was largely successful for Churchill’s military leadership

A

the war at sea was largely successful. The sinking of half the Italian Fleet at Taranto as well as the Bismarck in 1941, was an achievement. The navy provided escorts for convoys carrying supplies for the USSR

54
Q

what was an important turning point for the British

A

the battle of El Alamein

55
Q

why was the battle of El Alamein an important turning point

A

The battles secured Egypt and the Suez Canal and stopped the Axis powers in Ukraine and the Middle East from combining.

56
Q

how was D-Day enormously successful

A

some 326,000 men had safely landed by the end of the first week. Over 3 million troops were eventually landed, leading to the liberation of Paris, Brussels and Antwerp, enabling Allied troops ultimately to liberate Germany by May 1945

57
Q

why was carpet bombing effective after July 1944

A

German synthetic oil production fell, leading to fuel shortages. The destruction of the Krupps armament factory also had a significant effect, forcing the Germans to divert aircraft from the Eastern front which relieved pressure on the Soviets

58
Q

What can the success of the battle of Britain be attributed to

A

Hitler’s mistakes.

59
Q

what happened in the back end of the battle of Britain

A

the British were struggling. 103 airmen were killed between 24th August and 6th September. However. Hitler’s decision to divert his aircraft to bomb British cities during the Blitz gave the British time to regroup

60
Q

what decision of Churchill’s was heavily criticised

A

intervening in Greece

61
Q

what was the issue with the intervention in Greece

A

the evacuation of 60,000 troops to Crete, itself not properly fortified and captured by a German parachute attack, was seen as a mistake. 36,000 British troops were killed. This was partly because Churchill failed to realise the importance of air support in naval operations

62
Q

What other decisions of Churchill’s were criticised

A

the war in the Mediterranean. The British were driven out of Libya by Rommel after troops and planes were diverted to Greece

63
Q

what happened to Malta

A

it sustained German and Italian bombing and was almost starved to surrender

64
Q

what was an embarrassment to the British government

A

the loss of the Ark Royal aircraft

65
Q

Who did Churchill underestimate

A

Japan

66
Q

what was the consequence of Churchill’s mistakes in Japan

A

their early campaign in the Far East was disastrous. Japan took Hong Kong and the Prince of Wales and Repulse were sunk. Churchill also thought Singapore was unassailable (it was known as “fortress singapore”). In fact, the Japanese were able to cut off its water supply and force it to surrender.

67
Q

why was carpet bombing criticised

A

for its ineffectiveness on moral grounds

68
Q

what were the losses of carpet bombing

A

158,000 allied airmen were killed during these bombing raids. Meanwhile, the killing of 50,000 German civilians on one night in Feb 1945 led to condemnation from some Labour MPs and the church

69
Q

what cities were levelled by carpet bombing

A

Dresden

70
Q

what did the experience of total war lead to

A

a significant development in social policy and welfare

71
Q

which suggestion of the Beveridge report was brought in before the end of the war

A

the introduction of child allowances of five shillings a week for each child after the first

72
Q

how much was the suggestion to implement the Beveridge report defeated by

A

335 votes to 119

73
Q

what was passed in 1944

A

the butler education act

74
Q

what did the 1944 education act aim to do

A

tackle the evil of ignorance

75
Q

when was Nazi Germany defeated

A

8th May

76
Q

what had Churchill wanted for the coalition

A

he wanted it to continue until Japan was defeated by Attlee disagreed

77
Q

when was polling day in 1945

A

5 July

78
Q

when were the votes counted in 1945

A

26 July

79
Q

What did the media expect from the 1945 election

A

a conservative victory

80
Q

what actually happened in the 1945 election

A

Labour won by a landslide

81
Q

what were the votes in the 1945 election?

A

Labour won 48% of the popular vote against 39.6% for the conservatives, their majority was 146 seats; 250 of the 393 Labour victors were new MPs

British History HLS (38 decks)

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