Chpt 11: Single-Case, Quasi-Experimental, and Developmental Research (PSY302) Flashcards
Def: Single case experimental designs
experimental designs that allows cause and effect inferences based on data from one oor a small number of research participants.
Also called single subject design and small-N design
This object’s behavior is measured during a baseline period, followed by experimental manipulation and continued measurement.
One method of determining that the manipulation had an effect is to demonstrate the _____________ of the manipulation.
reversibility
Def: Reversal design
a single case design in which the treatment is introduced after a baseline period and then withdrawn during a 2nd baseline period.
In a ABA design, behaviors is observed during the baseline control (A) period, again during the treatment t (B) period, and also during a second baseline (A) period after the experimental treatment has been removed
This can be greatly improved by extending it to an ABAB design or even a ABABAB design.
Def: Multiple baseline design
Multiple baseline design: observing behavior before & after a manipulation under multiple circumstances.
Across diff individuals, diff behaviors, or diff settings.
Effectiveness of a treatment is demonstrated when a behavior changes only after the manipulation is introduced.
Such a change must be observed under multiple circumstances to rule out the possibility that other events were responsible
The procedure used with a single subject can be __________ with others.
replicated
_________ case design research often reports on the results for____________ subjects
Single, multiple
Traditional single case research presents results from each subject ____________ to avoid masking _______ between participants.
individually, diffs
Def: Quasi Experimental design
Quasi Experimental design: approximate the control features of the experiments to infer that a given treatment did have its intended effect.
Def: One group posttest only design
a quasi experimental design that has no control group and no pretest comparison.
This is a poor design in terms of internal validity.
Def: One group pretest posttest design
obtains a comparison by measuring participants before and after manipulation.
List: Potential threats to internal validity (One group Pretest-Posttest Design):
History Effects
Maturation Effect
Testing Effect
Instrument Decay
Regression Toward the mean
Def: History Effects
Any outside event that could be responsible for the results.
Def: Maturation Effect
Naturally occurring change within the individual is responsible for the results
Def: Testing Effect
Simply taking the pretest changes the participants behavior
Def: Instrument Decay
Change in the measuring instrument (observers too) is responsible for the results
