Chemistry

Question 1

Roughly 30 elements are essential to life

Answer 1

(~96% of body mass): • Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

Question 2

Isotope

Answer 2

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

Question 3

protons

Answer 3

Atomic number (bottom left)

Question 4

protons + neutrons

Answer 4

Mass number (top left

Question 5

radioisotopes

Answer 5

Some isotopes are unstable and, therefore, radioactive

Question 6

Particle and/or energy released

Answer 6

Radioactive decay

Question 7

Atom changes from one element into another

Answer 7

Transmutation

Question 8

thimerosal

Answer 8

mercury looks different in the body, binds differently

Question 9

Two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds

Answer 9

molecule

Question 10

(P4, S8)

Answer 10

polyatomic

Question 11

Atoms from two or more elements combined

Answer 11

molecular compound

Question 12

Equal sharing of electrons

Symmetrical shape

Answer 12

Nonpolar

Question 13

Unequal sharing of electrons 
Molecular geometry (shape)

Answer 13

Polar

Question 14

Clusters of cations and anions

A metal donates an electron to a non-metaL

Answer 14

Ionic Compound

Question 15

How “hungry” an atom is for electrons

Answer 15

Electronegativity

Question 16

review electronegativity trend

Answer 16

yes

Question 17

4 qualities of hydrogen bonds

Answer 17

1) high heat capacity (Lots of heat required to change temperature)
2) High heat of vaporization (Lots of heat to change from liquid to gas (vapor)
3) “Universal” solvent • Necessary for chemical reactions
4) High surface tension

Question 18

Anabolic Processes

Answer 18

Synthesis: A + B=AB

Question 19

Catabolic Processes

Answer 19

Decomposition: AB= A + B

Question 20

Precipitation (exchange/displacement)

Answer 20

AB + CD = AC + BD

Question 21

Neutralization

Answer 21

Acid + Base = Water + Salt (HCl+ NaOHàNaCl+ H2O)

Question 22

Two half-reactions in which electrons are lost/gained

Answer 22

oxidation reactions

Question 23

Electron Donor

Answer 23

oxidized

Question 24

Electron Acceptor

Answer 24

reduced

Question 25

Cell phones do not cause cancer because...

Answer 25

cell phone is 1 watt, not enough to be carcinogenic

Question 26

Le Chatelier's principle

Answer 26

governs the direction of the reaction

Question 27

What does not affect equilibrium

Answer 27

gases (fact check)

Question 28

rate of reaction

Answer 28

not related to final equilibrium state

Question 29

conduct electrical current in solution

Answer 29

electrolytes (salts)

Question 30

Fe2+ needed to bind oxygen in hemoglobin The salt calcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] is found in bone Buffers Maintaining electrolyte homeostasis is one of the crucial kidney functions

Answer 30

Salt Uses

Question 31

totally dissociate

Answer 31

strong acid

Question 32

pH=

Answer 32

-log[H+]

Question 33

Buffers

Answer 33

If pH drops (becomes acidic), buffer accepts H+ | If pH increases (becomes basic), buffer releases H

Question 34

Heterogeneous; particles don’t settle

Answer 34

colloid

Question 35

colloid example

Answer 35

cytosol

Question 36

Heterogeneous; particles do settle

Answer 36

suspension

Question 37

suspension example

Answer 37

sand in water, blood

Question 38

Homogeneous; particles don’t settle

Answer 38

solution

Question 39

Solution example

Answer 39

salt in water

Question 40

sol-gel

Answer 40

sol (liquid) / gel (solid) transformation