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Anatomy and physiology > Chemistry > Flashcards

Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Roughly 30 elements are essential to life

A

(~96% of body mass): • Oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

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2
Q

Isotope

A

Atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons

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3
Q

protons

A

Atomic number (bottom left)

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4
Q

protons + neutrons

A

Mass number (top left

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5
Q

radioisotopes

A

Some isotopes are unstable and, therefore, radioactive

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6
Q

Particle and/or energy released

A

Radioactive decay

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7
Q

Atom changes from one element into another

A

Transmutation

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8
Q

thimerosal

A

mercury looks different in the body, binds differently

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9
Q

Two or more atoms joined by covalent bonds

A

molecule

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10
Q

(P4, S8)

A

polyatomic

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11
Q

Atoms from two or more elements combined

A

molecular compound

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12
Q

Equal sharing of electrons

Symmetrical shape

A

Nonpolar

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13
Q 
Unequal sharing of electrons 
Molecular geometry (shape)
A

Polar

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14
Q

Clusters of cations and anions

A metal donates an electron to a non-metaL

A

Ionic Compound

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15
Q

How “hungry” an atom is for electrons

A

Electronegativity

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16
Q

review electronegativity trend

A

yes

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17
Q

4 qualities of hydrogen bonds

A

1) high heat capacity (Lots of heat required to change temperature)
2) High heat of vaporization (Lots of heat to change from liquid to gas (vapor)
3) “Universal” solvent • Necessary for chemical reactions
4) High surface tension

18
Q

Anabolic Processes

A

Synthesis: A + B=AB

19
Q

Catabolic Processes

A

Decomposition: AB= A + B

20
Q

Precipitation (exchange/displacement)

A

AB + CD = AC + BD

21
Q

Neutralization

A

Acid + Base = Water + Salt (HCl+ NaOHàNaCl+ H2O)

22
Q

Two half-reactions in which electrons are lost/gained

A

oxidation reactions

23
Q

Electron Donor

A

oxidized

24
Q

Electron Acceptor

A

reduced

25
Q

Cell phones do not cause cancer because…

A

cell phone is 1 watt, not enough to be carcinogenic

26
Q

Le Chatelier’s principle

A

governs the direction of the reaction

27
Q

What does not affect equilibrium

A

gases (fact check)

28
Q

rate of reaction

A

not related to final equilibrium state

29
Q

conduct electrical current in solution

A

electrolytes (salts)

30
Q

Fe2+ needed to bind oxygen in hemoglobin
The salt calcium phosphate [Ca3(PO4)2] is found in bone
Buffers
Maintaining electrolyte homeostasis is one of the crucial kidney functions

A

Salt Uses

31
Q

totally dissociate

A

strong acid

32
Q

pH=

A

-log[H+]

33
Q

Buffers

A

If pH drops (becomes acidic), buffer accepts H+

If pH increases (becomes basic), buffer releases H

34
Q

Heterogeneous; particles don’t settle

A

colloid

35
Q

colloid example

A

cytosol

36
Q

Heterogeneous; particles do settle

A

suspension

37
Q

suspension example

A

sand in water, blood

38
Q

Homogeneous; particles don’t settle

A

solution

39
Q

Solution example

A

salt in water

40
Q

sol-gel

A

sol (liquid) / gel (solid) transformation

Anatomy and physiology (21 decks)

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