Blood Vessels

Question 1

arteries

Answer 1

o rich blood away from heart

Question 2

veins

Answer 2

o weak blood towards heart

Question 3

arteries and veins roles are reverses in

Answer 3

pulmonary circuit

Question 4

lymphatic vessels

Answer 4

drainage system collect leaked fluid and return it to the bloodstream

Question 5

know chart on slide 1

Answer 5

yes

Question 6

lumen blood vessel anatomy

Answer 6

hole the blood flows through

Question 7

tunica intima

Answer 7

inner layer
simple squamous cells
continuous with endocardium

Question 8

tunica media

Answer 8

circularly arranged smooth muscle cells and sheets of elastin
vasoconstrict or vasodilate
BP regulation
bulkiest layer (in arteries)

Question 9

tunica externa

Answer 9

outer layer
protects artery
thickest layer (in veins)

Question 10

vasa vasorum

Answer 10

vessels of the vessels

Question 11

veins tend to be lower pressure

Answer 11

arteries need thicker, muscular layer to control blood flow

Question 12

elastic arteries

Answer 12

thick-walled, come out of heart

expand and contract as heart pumps blood (maintain BP)

Question 13

muscular arteries

Answer 13

less elastic (not needed to know a ton)

Question 14

arterioles “resistance vessels”

Answer 14

controls blood flow
very active in vasoconstriction
if arteriole shuts down, blood to that part of the body will cease

Question 15

smallest blood vessels
thin-walled
one layer of simple squamous cells

Answer 15

capillaries

Question 16

some capillaries have pericytes

Answer 16

contractile stem cells
help in angiogenesis
RBC’s in single file line
allow diffusion of blood, interstitial fluid, and waste

Question 17

tight junctions

Answer 17

links b/w cells don’t allow things to go through them

Question 18

capillaries–intercellular clefts

Answer 18

spaces between tight junctions allow diffusion

Question 19

endothelial cells “sample fluid” and then transfer it to the…

Answer 19

interstitial space

Question 20

fenestrations

Answer 20

pores allow larger molecules to go through

Question 21

pinocytosis

Answer 21

ferry fluids from bloodstream to interstitial fluid

Question 22

Flow of blood from terminal arteriole via capillary bed to postcapillary venule

Answer 22

microcirculation

Question 23

vascular shunt

Answer 23

Direct link between arteriole & venule

metarteriole and thoroughfare channel

Question 24

true capillaries

Answer 24

“exchange vessels”

Question 25

reason you should wait to exercise after meal

Answer 25

capillary beds in digestive organs are “turned off” while those in skeletal muscles are “turned on.”

Question 26

veins

Answer 26

larger lumens (hollow part) and thinner walls than arterioles
low pressure

Question 27

most blood is in

Answer 27

veins and venules

Question 28

2 unique adaptations of veins

Answer 28

large lumens–little resistance to blood flow
venous valves–blood goes in one direction only
–from infoldings of tunica intima
–most veins in limbs, gravity opposes
upward flow of blood

Question 29

varicose veins

Answer 29

incompetent (leaky)

causes–genetic, prolonged standing, obesity, pregnancy

Question 30

varicose veins

Answer 30

cause–elevated venous pressure

straining during bowel movement prevent blood from draining form anal veins

Question 31

hemorrhoids

Answer 31

varicosities in anal veins

Question 32

Interconnections between blood vessels

Answer 32

anastamoses

Question 33

Arteries that supply the same territory often merge, forming an

Answer 33

arterial anastomosis

Question 34

arterial anastomosis

Answer 34

allows blood alternative pathway
collateral channel
common in joints

Question 35

Arteriovenous anastomosis:

Answer 35

Connects arterioles and venules (e.g., vascular shunt in capillary bed)

Question 36

much more common than arteriole anastomosis

Answer 36

venous anastomosis

Question 37

atherosclerosis

Answer 37

Small, patchy thickenings intrude vessel lumen
Raises BP
Indirectly causes half of deaths in Western world (via stroke, heart attack)

Question 38

4 steps of atherosclerosis

Answer 38

1) endothelial damage
2) lipids (cholest) accum and oxidize, further damaging endothelial cells
3) fibrous cap (“plaque”) forms
4) plaque becomes unstable and prone to rupture, can block blood vessels
- -plaque rupture most common cause of myocardial infarction

Question 39

Volume of blood flowing through a vessel (mL/min)

Answer 39

blood flow

Question 40

Force per unit area exerted on vessel wall (mmHg)

Answer 40

BP
measuring pressure coming out of arteries
systemic arteries near heart

Question 41

Opposition to flow and is a measure of friction; there are three major sources of friction as blood flows through vessels:

Answer 41

blood resistance

Question 42

3 sources of friction as blood flows through vessels

Answer 42

1) MAINLY blood vessel diameter
2) blood viscosity–blood thickness
3) total blood vessel length–wide or dilated (lower resistance) small or constricted

Question 43

bonus question on exam:

resistance varies with 1/(r)^4

Answer 43

vessel’s radius decreases by 1/2

1/2^4=1/1/16=16x

Question 44

blood flow (F)

Answer 44

directly proportional to difference in blood pressure b/w 2 points (delta P)
inversely proportional to resistance (R)

Question 45

blood pressure decreases as it flows from arteries to capillaries to veins

Answer 45

true