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Anatomy and physiology > Biochemistry > Flashcards

Biochemistry Flashcards

1
Q

chirality

A

handedness

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2
Q

ET can’t be silicon

A

silicon loves oxygen
no chirality
silicon-silicon bonds are weak
doesn’t like to form rings or other compound structures
more abundant on earth, but life is carbon anyway

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3
Q

Carbohydrates, proteins, and nucleic acids

A

polymers/macromolecules

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4
Q

lipids are macromolecules, but not

A

polymers

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5
Q

dehydration synthesis

A

glucose + fructose = sucrose

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6
Q

C: H: O ratio

A

1:2:1

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7
Q

monosaccharide examples

A 
glucose
fructose
galactose
deoxyribose
ribose
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8
Q

disaccharide examples

A

sucrose
maltose
lactose

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9
Q

2 reasons why polysaccharides different from mono and disaccharides

A

insoluble

don’t taste sweet

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10
Q

plant polysaccharides made of…

A

glucose

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11
Q

storage of glucose

A

starch

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12
Q

Plant cell wall (structural); “fiber”

A

cellulose

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13
Q

Animal polysaccharides made of…

A

glucose

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14
Q

Storage of glucose (liver, muscle)

A

glycogen

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15
Q

3 main liquids

A

Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Steroids

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16
Q

4 functions of liquid

A

Store energy
Insulate/protect body organs
Build cell membranes
Hormones (or hormone-like)

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17
Q

Also called “fats” (solid) or “oils” (liquid)

A

triglycerides

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18
Q

triglycerides made of…

A

Made of fatty acids (long carbon chains) and glycerol Different fatty acids give triglycerides different properties

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19
Q

triglyceride function

A

stored energy

Protect organs

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20
Q

phospholipids are different from triglycerides in that they have…

A

2 fatty acids

polar (hydrophilic) head and nonpolar (hydrophobic) tail

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21
Q

build cell membranes

A

phospholipids

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22
Q

steroids dissimilar from other lipids

A

Four hydrocarbon rings

23
Q

most important steroid

A

cholesterol

24
Q

cholesterol

A

body produces ~80%

cell membrane fluidity

25
Q

cholesterol serves as a raw material for body to synthesize

A

Vitamin D
steroid hormones (ex: sex hormones)
bile salts

26
Q

Protein function: structural

A

support and movement (fibrous)

27
Q

Protein function: functional

A

everything else (globular)

28
Q

monomer: amino acid

A

protein: polymer

29
Q

formed by dehydration synthesis

A

proteins (peptide bonds)

30
Q

short protein chains

A

peptides or polypeptides

31
Q

protein’s function determined by…

A

its structure

32
Q

protein loses its folding

A

denaturation

33
Q

denaturation occurs when…

A

temp, pH change

34
Q

denaturation affects all orders except…

A

primary structure

35
Q

How many levels of protein structure?

A

4

36
Q

Primary

A

linear sequence

beads on a necklace

37
Q

secondary

A

initial folding by h-bonds

38
Q

2 kinds of secondary

A 
alpha helix (slinky)
beta-pleated sheet (accordion)
39
Q

tertiary

A

more folding involves R group side chains

1) Hydrophobic/hydrophilic interactions
2) More covalent bonding (“disulfide bridge”)
3) More hydrogen bonding

40
Q

quaternary

A

2+ polypeptide chains

41
Q

in an H bond, H takes on a partially

A

positive charge, and others take on partially negative

42
Q

single most abundant protein in body

A

collagen

43
Q

keratin

A

hair and nails

44
Q

elastin

A

ligaments

45
Q

actin and myosin

A

contractile proteins

46
Q

6 functions of proteins

A 
catalysis (enzymes)
transport
pH regulation
metabolism regulation
body defense
protein management
47
Q

enzymes do what to activation energy

A

lower

48
Q

RNA function

A

Transmit and help express genetic information

49
Q

nucleotides

A

A,T, C, G

50
Q

review DNA/RNA slide

A

yes

51
Q

RNA

A

single helix
U instead of T
ribose instead of deoxyribose

52
Q

DNA found in…

A

nucleus

53
Q

RNA found in…

A

cytoplasm

54
Q

ATP

A

Food (e.g., glucose) is broken down, releasing energy

3 phosphate groups, 2 have high energy bonds

Anatomy and physiology (21 decks)

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