Characterizing and Classifying Viruses, Viroids, and Prions Flashcards
describe polyhedral morphology
D20 dice
Describe nucleic acid for viruses
DNA or RNA
What is the name for viruses that infect bacteria?
bacteriophage
Distinguish between a segmented genome and a genome that has only a single nucleic acid molecule.
single strand in line or in circle
segmented in separate pieces in their own capsule, allows for a lot of mutation
define envelope
A covering of lipids, carbs, and protiens. Sometimes comes from the host cell’s cell membrane
What are latent infections?
viruses that lie dormant in the body. Can become integrated in host chromosome as a “provirus” (HIV)
non integrated-chickenpox and herpes
Name the viruses given in class that are associated with human cancers.
HPV, hep B, Epstein Barr, Human Herpes Virus 8
What determines that host range for a virus?
receptors on the host cells that the virus can interact with
Define prion.
infectious proteins
Describe the lysogenic cycle of bacteriophage lambda.
bacteriophage injects DNA in bacteria, DNA is integrated into bacteria and proliferates. Can move to lytic cycle due to UV light or stress. Prophage is the name for integrated DNA
What is another name for viral particles?
virions
describe enveloped morphology
has an envelope
Describe the following methods used to cultivate animal viruses.
a. embryonated eggs
b. tissue culture
c. plaque assay (what is a plaque?)
A. injected into the membrane of the eggs to use the cells present
B. tissue broken down into cells into a single layer and virus is added
C. plaques show where viruses have destroyed the cells. Corresponds to single virion in mixture.
What special enzyme do retroviruses carry with them and what does it do?
reverse transcriptase, convert their RNA to DNA
Define viroid.
made of RNA in a free solution