Cell Structure and Function, Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes Flashcards
What are the two basic shapes of bacteria?
cocci and bacillus
What are the 5 types of rod bacteria and what are they defined by?
vibrio- curved
spirilla-rigid spiral
spirochete-flexible spiral
pleomorphic- many shapes
coccobacillus- short rod
What are the 6 types of arrangements for bacteria?
diplo- two cells together
staphylo- cluster of cells
strepto- chain of cells
tetrad- group of 4 cells
sarcina- group of 8
palisades- group of rods
Structure and function of the plasma membrane in prokaryotes?
selectively permeable, holds cytoplasm, phospholipid bilayer
where is the plasma membrane found in prokaryotes?
inside the cell wall
how are the cell wall and the plasma membrane different?
What happens to a cell in a hypotonic solution? Hypertonic?
hypotonic, cell swells
hypertonic, cel dehydrates
What is the role of the plasma membrane in the generation of proton motive force?
Trapping the ions on either side of the membrane creates two things, which together make the proton motive force: a pH and a charge difference. A difference in charge on the inside and the outside of a cell is called an electrochemical potential and is a huge source of energy.
Describe symporters, antiporters, and uniporters
symporter- simultaneously transport two molecules across a membrane in the same direction.
antiporter- move two ions in opposing directions
uniporters- move one ion one direction
List four differences between gram-positive and gram-negative cell walls
size of peptidoglycan in cell wall- thick in positive and thin in negative
teichoic and lipoteichoic acids present in positive and not in negative
negative has an outer membrane and positive does not
negative has a periplasmic space and positive does not
How does the gram stain technique affect gram pos cells walls versus gram neg cell walls?
positive cells stay purple
negative cells turn red, lose outer membrane
What group of bacteria does not have a cell wall? What do they have instead that adds rigidity?
mycoplasma have no cell wall and have sterols that add rigidity to the cell membrane
What is the name of a glycocalyx tightly attached to the cell wall? Loosely?
tight- capsule
loose-slime layer
What is the significance of a capsule in terms of pathogenicity?
more pathogenic because it evades phagocytosis
Describe a single polar flagellum, tuft flagellum, and pertichous
single pole/monotrichous- one flagellum on one end of cell
tuft flagella/lophotrichous- a collection of flagella at one end of cell
peritrichous-flagella all over cell
List three differences between the chromosome of a bacterial cell and a eukaryotic cell
