20 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes Flashcards

1
Q

two main types of hansen’s disease

A

tuberculoid/neural form
lepromatous/progressive form

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2
Q

three bacterial species that cause 70% of meningitis cases

A

haemophilus influenzae
neisseria meningitis
streptococcus pneumoniae

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3
Q

polio transmission

A

contaminated water

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4
Q

method of transmission of cryptococcosis

A

aersol from soil dust or pigeon droppings

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5
Q

why adults are often not affected by botulism

A

normal GI flora protects against the endospore germination and vegetative cell formation

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6
Q

how cryptococcosis is diagnosed

A

latex agglutination

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7
Q

how botulism is treated

A

antibodies against bacterial toxin

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8
Q

transmission and pathogenicity of tetanus

A

Enters breaks in skin from soil or objects. exotoxin (neurotoxin) blocks release of neurotransmitters of inhibitory neuron that would relax muscle.

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9
Q

the difference between infant and adult botulism

A

Adult: microbial intoxication
Infant: bacteria colonizes in body

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10
Q

causative agent for hansen’s disease

A

mycobacterium leprae

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11
Q

Describe some characteristics of protozoa and the representative phyla.

A

trypanosoma, naegleria, and acanthamoeba

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12
Q

signs and symptoms of west nile virus

A

flu like symptoms that can lead to encephalitis

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13
Q

Name a prion disease of humans

A

creutzfeldt-jakob disease

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14
Q

causative agent of West Nile Fever

A

west nile virus

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15
Q

individuals affected by cryptococcosis

A

AIDS patients often

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16
Q

causative agent and transmission of rabies

A

rhabdoviridae/rabies
bite or scratch with saliva of infected animal

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17
Q

progression of the trachoma

A

cornea scarring leads to blindness

18
Q

treatment of rabies

A

antibodies and inactivated whole agent vaccine

19
Q

transmission and how contagious hansen’s disease

A

requires prolonged intimate contact to spread or direct contact with mucous membranes or skin lesions
not very contagious

20
Q

causative agent of cryptococcosis

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

21
Q

transmission of west nile fever

22
Q

types of microbes that can cause meningitis

A

bacteria and viruses

23
Q

Compare and contrast the various types of trypanosomiasis.

A

african sleeping sickness: tsetse fly
chaga’s disease: kissing bug

24
Q

causative agent, bacterial group of trachoma

A

chlamydia trachomatis

25
signs and symptoms of polio
nausea, fever, sore throat, stiff neck, destroys motor neurons which causes paralysis
26
List some typical viral infections that can lead to viral meningitis.
herpes, mumps, and enterovirus
27
causative agent, bacterial group for tetanus
clostridium tetani
28
the causative agent, bacterial group for botulism
Clostridium botulinum
29
treatment of tetanus
toxoid vaccine
30
For the fourth bacterial cause of meningitis that primarily effects the very young and the immunocompromised individuals, how is this type transmitted?
Listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes vehicle transmission (food)
31
Describe how gonococcal and chlamydial ophthalmia can occur.
newborns acquire by passing through the birth canal of their infected mother
32
signs and symptoms in general of meningitis
headache, stiff neck/back, nausea, loss of brain function, vomiting, and purple rash.
33
causative agent of polio
picornaviridae- poliovirus
34
how is rabies diagnosed
diagnosis after death, Negri bodies in brain
35
how botulism is transmitted
food vehicle
36
complications that result from hansen's disease
loss of sensation in skin and tissue damage
37
Give some examples of arboviral encephalitis
anthropod vector west nile virus
38
diagnosis of the meningitis
lumbar puncture CSF culture
39
Define conjunctivitis and list some potential causes.
Inflammation of the conjunctiva adenoviruses and Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus species
40
signs and symptoms of rabies
muscle spasms, hydrophobia, thirst, fever, sore throat, sensitivity to light, touch, and sound. end result is encephalitis
41
transmission of trachoma
contact with infected people or fomites