20 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes Flashcards
two main types of hansen’s disease
tuberculoid/neural form
lepromatous/progressive form
three bacterial species that cause 70% of meningitis cases
haemophilus influenzae
neisseria meningitis
streptococcus pneumoniae
polio transmission
contaminated water
method of transmission of cryptococcosis
aersol from soil dust or pigeon droppings
why adults are often not affected by botulism
normal GI flora protects against the endospore germination and vegetative cell formation
how cryptococcosis is diagnosed
latex agglutination
how botulism is treated
antibodies against bacterial toxin
transmission and pathogenicity of tetanus
Enters breaks in skin from soil or objects. exotoxin (neurotoxin) blocks release of neurotransmitters of inhibitory neuron that would relax muscle.
the difference between infant and adult botulism
Adult: microbial intoxication
Infant: bacteria colonizes in body
causative agent for hansen’s disease
mycobacterium leprae
Describe some characteristics of protozoa and the representative phyla.
trypanosoma, naegleria, and acanthamoeba
signs and symptoms of west nile virus
flu like symptoms that can lead to encephalitis
Name a prion disease of humans
creutzfeldt-jakob disease
causative agent of West Nile Fever
west nile virus
individuals affected by cryptococcosis
AIDS patients often
causative agent and transmission of rabies
rhabdoviridae/rabies
bite or scratch with saliva of infected animal
progression of the trachoma
cornea scarring leads to blindness
treatment of rabies
antibodies and inactivated whole agent vaccine
transmission and how contagious hansen’s disease
requires prolonged intimate contact to spread or direct contact with mucous membranes or skin lesions
not very contagious
causative agent of cryptococcosis
Cryptococcus neoformans
transmission of west nile fever
mosquitos
types of microbes that can cause meningitis
bacteria and viruses
Compare and contrast the various types of trypanosomiasis.
african sleeping sickness: tsetse fly
chaga’s disease: kissing bug
causative agent, bacterial group of trachoma
chlamydia trachomatis
signs and symptoms of polio
nausea, fever, sore throat, stiff neck, destroys motor neurons which causes paralysis
List some typical viral infections that can lead to viral meningitis.
herpes, mumps, and enterovirus
causative agent, bacterial group for tetanus
clostridium tetani
the causative agent, bacterial group for botulism
Clostridium botulinum
treatment of tetanus
toxoid vaccine
For the fourth bacterial cause of meningitis that primarily effects the very young and the immunocompromised individuals, how is this type transmitted?
Listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes
vehicle transmission (food)
Describe how gonococcal and chlamydial ophthalmia can occur.
newborns acquire by passing through the birth canal of their infected mother
signs and symptoms in general of meningitis
headache, stiff neck/back, nausea, loss of brain function, vomiting, and purple rash.
causative agent of polio
picornaviridae- poliovirus
how is rabies diagnosed
diagnosis after death, Negri bodies in brain
how botulism is transmitted
food vehicle
complications that result from hansen’s disease
loss of sensation in skin and tissue damage
Give some examples of arboviral encephalitis
anthropod vector
west nile virus
diagnosis of the meningitis
lumbar puncture CSF culture
Define conjunctivitis and list some potential causes.
Inflammation of the conjunctiva
adenoviruses and Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus species
signs and symptoms of rabies
muscle spasms, hydrophobia, thirst, fever, sore throat, sensitivity to light, touch, and sound. end result is encephalitis
transmission of trachoma
contact with infected people or fomites
