20 Microbial Diseases of the Nervous System and Eyes

Question 1

two main types of hansen’s disease

Answer 1

tuberculoid/neural form
lepromatous/progressive form

Question 2

three bacterial species that cause 70% of meningitis cases

Answer 2

haemophilus influenzae
neisseria meningitis
streptococcus pneumoniae

Question 3

polio transmission

Answer 3

contaminated water

Question 4

method of transmission of cryptococcosis

Answer 4

aersol from soil dust or pigeon droppings

Question 5

why adults are often not affected by botulism

Answer 5

normal GI flora protects against the endospore germination and vegetative cell formation

Question 6

how cryptococcosis is diagnosed

Answer 6

latex agglutination

Question 7

how botulism is treated

Answer 7

antibodies against bacterial toxin

Question 8

transmission and pathogenicity of tetanus

Answer 8

Enters breaks in skin from soil or objects. exotoxin (neurotoxin) blocks release of neurotransmitters of inhibitory neuron that would relax muscle.

Question 9

the difference between infant and adult botulism

Answer 9

Adult: microbial intoxication
Infant: bacteria colonizes in body

Question 10

causative agent for hansen’s disease

Answer 10

mycobacterium leprae

Question 11

Describe some characteristics of protozoa and the representative phyla.

Answer 11

trypanosoma, naegleria, and acanthamoeba

Question 12

signs and symptoms of west nile virus

Answer 12

flu like symptoms that can lead to encephalitis

Question 13

Name a prion disease of humans

Answer 13

creutzfeldt-jakob disease

Question 14

causative agent of West Nile Fever

Answer 14

west nile virus

Question 15

individuals affected by cryptococcosis

Answer 15

AIDS patients often

Question 16

causative agent and transmission of rabies

Answer 16

rhabdoviridae/rabies
bite or scratch with saliva of infected animal

Question 17

progression of the trachoma

Answer 17

cornea scarring leads to blindness

Question 18

treatment of rabies

Answer 18

antibodies and inactivated whole agent vaccine

Question 19

transmission and how contagious hansen’s disease

Answer 19

requires prolonged intimate contact to spread or direct contact with mucous membranes or skin lesions
not very contagious

Question 20

causative agent of cryptococcosis

Answer 20

Cryptococcus neoformans

Question 21

transmission of west nile fever

Answer 21

mosquitos

Question 22

types of microbes that can cause meningitis

Answer 22

bacteria and viruses

Question 23

Compare and contrast the various types of trypanosomiasis.

Answer 23

african sleeping sickness: tsetse fly
chaga’s disease: kissing bug

Question 24

causative agent, bacterial group of trachoma

Answer 24

chlamydia trachomatis

Question 25

signs and symptoms of polio

Answer 25

nausea, fever, sore throat, stiff neck, destroys motor neurons which causes paralysis

Question 26

List some typical viral infections that can lead to viral meningitis.

Answer 26

herpes, mumps, and enterovirus

Question 27

causative agent, bacterial group for tetanus

Answer 27

clostridium tetani

Question 28

the causative agent, bacterial group for botulism

Answer 28

Clostridium botulinum

Question 29

treatment of tetanus

Answer 29

toxoid vaccine

Question 30

For the fourth bacterial cause of meningitis that primarily effects the very young and the immunocompromised individuals, how is this type transmitted?

Answer 30

Listeriosis, Listeria monocytogenes
vehicle transmission (food)

Question 31

Describe how gonococcal and chlamydial ophthalmia can occur.

Answer 31

newborns acquire by passing through the birth canal of their infected mother

Question 32

signs and symptoms in general of meningitis

Answer 32

headache, stiff neck/back, nausea, loss of brain function, vomiting, and purple rash.

Question 33

causative agent of polio

Answer 33

picornaviridae- poliovirus

Question 34

how is rabies diagnosed

Answer 34

diagnosis after death, Negri bodies in brain

Question 35

how botulism is transmitted

Answer 35

food vehicle

Question 36

complications that result from hansen’s disease

Answer 36

loss of sensation in skin and tissue damage

Question 37

Give some examples of arboviral encephalitis

Answer 37

anthropod vector
west nile virus

Question 38

diagnosis of the meningitis

Answer 38

lumbar puncture CSF culture

Question 39

Define conjunctivitis and list some potential causes.

Answer 39

Inflammation of the conjunctiva
adenoviruses and Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, and Haemophilus species

Question 40

signs and symptoms of rabies

Answer 40

muscle spasms, hydrophobia, thirst, fever, sore throat, sensitivity to light, touch, and sound. end result is encephalitis

Question 41

transmission of trachoma

Answer 41

contact with infected people or fomites