22 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System

Question 1

3. For streptococcal pharyngitis list or describe the following:
   a. a more common name for the disease
   b. causative agent, bacterial group
   c. signs and symptoms
   d. two frequent complications

Answer 1

a. strep throat
b. strep pyogenes
c. sore, swollen throat and tosils with pustules, fever
d. scarlet or rheumatic fever, cardiac issues and kidney damage

Question 2

pharyngitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the throat

Question 3

common cold list or describe:
a. the three most common viruses that cause the common cold
b. methods of transmission

Answer 3

a. rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus
b. airborne, indirect, direct, very contagious

Question 4

Scarlet fever list or describe the following:
a. the causative agent, bacterial group
b. the mechanism of the fever

Answer 4

a. strep pyogenes
b. erythrogenic toxin causes fever

Question 5

Define empyema and pneumonia.

Answer 5

fluid in the form of pus in the lungs
inflammation and fluid in the lungs

Question 6

pertussis list or describe:
a. a more common name for the disease
b. causative agent
c. signs and symptoms

Answer 6

a. whooping cough
b. bordetella pertussis
c. non productive cough and gasping for air

Question 7

chlamydophila psittaci/ psittacosis ornithosis

Answer 7

-chlamydia
-inhaling infected bird poop
-typical symptoms of pneumonia

Question 8

coxiella burretti (q fever)

Answer 8

-rickettsia
-transmitted from infected livestock or pets or humans
-high fever and severe headache

Question 9

Distinguish between antigenic variation, antigenic drift, and antigenic shift.

Answer 9

variation: any change in the influenza genome
drift: small changing within a strain that are result of mutations
shift: major changes in genetics due to two strains reassorting genetic material. Unique to type A flu

Question 10

otitis media and rhinosinusitis list or describe:
a. the more common causative agents
b. common names for the diseases

Answer 10

a. h. influenzae or s. pneumoniae
b. sinus infection and middle ear infection

Question 11

pneumocystis pneumonia list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission
c. signs and symptoms

Answer 11

a. pneumocystis jiroveci
b. possible person to person, fungi common in all people over 4
c. flu like symptoms

Question 12

blastomycosis/chicago disease list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission

Answer 12

a. blastomyces dermatitidis
b. spores from soil inhaled or enter broken skin

Question 13

histoplasmosis list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission
c. signs and symptoms

Answer 13

a. histoplasmosis capsulatum
b. inhaled spores, chicken and bat droppings
c. fever, cough, headache, chest pain

Question 14

serratia marcescens

Answer 14

-gram - rod
-healthcare acquired
-can be life threatening due to antibiotic resistance

Question 15

mycoplasma pneumoniae

Answer 15

-walking pneumonia
-droplet transmission
-mild symptoms, fatigue and cough

Question 16

influenza list or describe:
a. signs and symptoms
b. transmission

Answer 16

a. fever, body aches, headache, discomfort, chills, coughing, and tight chest
b. airborne and some fomite

Question 17

laryngitis

Answer 17

inflammation of the vocal cords

Question 18

tonsillitis

Answer 18

inflammation of the tonsils

Question 19

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome list:
a. the causative agent
b. signs and symptoms
c. pathogenicity
d. mechanism of transmission
e. prevention and treatment

Answer 19

a. hantavirus pulmonary virus
b. fever, muscle aches, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, and non productive cough
c. virus enters the blood, antigen causes inflammation of lungs and pulmonary edema, drown in own lungs
d. deer mouse urine inhalation
e. wear a mask when cleaning, no treatment

Question 20

streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 20

-typical/community-acquired pneumonia
-droplet transmission
-gram + coccus

Question 21

legionella pneumophila

Answer 21

-legionnaire’s disease
-gram - rod
-non human aersol
-diarrhea and vomitting

Question 22

coronavirus respiratory syndromes.
a. causative agents and forms of the disease
b. transmission
c. signs and symptoms

Answer 22

a. coronavirus, SARS, MERS, COVID-19
b. person to person, droplet
c. high fever, cough, shortness of breath, body aches, loss of taste and smell, and abnormal clotting

Question 23

klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 23

-gram - rod
-healthcare acquired
-gelatinous red brown sputum

Question 24

tuberculosis list or describe:
a. the causative agent
b. the pathogenicity of the microbe
c. the PPD skin test

Answer 24

a. mycobacterium tuberculosis
b. mycolic acid in cell wall inhibits the formation of the phagolysosome
c. tests for memory T cell reaction

Question 25

epiglottitis

Answer 25

inflammation of the epiglottis

Question 26

diphtheria list or describe:
a. the causative agent
b. the signs and symptoms of the disease
c. why this disease is not very common

Answer 26

a. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
b. mild sore throat, fever, pseudomembrane in throat
c. DTaP vax

Question 27

coccidioidomycosis list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission
c. signs and symptoms

Answer 27

a. coccidioides immitis
b. spores inhaled, spores found in cow and sheep poop
c. flu like symptoms, can cause rash and meningitis

Question 28

haemophilus influenzae

Answer 28

-immunocompromised people
-gram - rod
-droplet transmission
-can lead to meningitis

Question 29

Describe some virulence factors for influenza

Answer 29

hemagglutination, neuraminidase, and segmented genome

Question 30

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. other names for the disease
c. susceptible individuals

Answer 30

a. respiratory syncytial virus
b. viral pneumonia
c.infants, children, and elderly