22 Microbial Diseases of the Respiratory System Flashcards
- For streptococcal pharyngitis list or describe the following:
a. a more common name for the disease
b. causative agent, bacterial group
c. signs and symptoms
d. two frequent complications
a. strep throat
b. strep pyogenes
c. sore, swollen throat and tosils with pustules, fever
d. scarlet or rheumatic fever, cardiac issues and kidney damage
pharyngitis
inflammation of the throat
common cold list or describe:
a. the three most common viruses that cause the common cold
b. methods of transmission
a. rhinovirus, coronavirus, adenovirus
b. airborne, indirect, direct, very contagious
Scarlet fever list or describe the following:
a. the causative agent, bacterial group
b. the mechanism of the fever
a. strep pyogenes
b. erythrogenic toxin causes fever
Define empyema and pneumonia.
fluid in the form of pus in the lungs
inflammation and fluid in the lungs
pertussis list or describe:
a. a more common name for the disease
b. causative agent
c. signs and symptoms
a. whooping cough
b. bordetella pertussis
c. non productive cough and gasping for air
chlamydophila psittaci/ psittacosis ornithosis
-chlamydia
-inhaling infected bird poop
-typical symptoms of pneumonia
coxiella burretti (q fever)
-rickettsia
-transmitted from infected livestock or pets or humans
-high fever and severe headache
Distinguish between antigenic variation, antigenic drift, and antigenic shift.
variation: any change in the influenza genome
drift: small changing within a strain that are result of mutations
shift: major changes in genetics due to two strains reassorting genetic material. Unique to type A flu
otitis media and rhinosinusitis list or describe:
a. the more common causative agents
b. common names for the diseases
a. h. influenzae or s. pneumoniae
b. sinus infection and middle ear infection
pneumocystis pneumonia list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission
c. signs and symptoms
a. pneumocystis jiroveci
b. possible person to person, fungi common in all people over 4
c. flu like symptoms
blastomycosis/chicago disease list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission
a. blastomyces dermatitidis
b. spores from soil inhaled or enter broken skin
histoplasmosis list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission
c. signs and symptoms
a. histoplasmosis capsulatum
b. inhaled spores, chicken and bat droppings
c. fever, cough, headache, chest pain
serratia marcescens
-gram - rod
-healthcare acquired
-can be life threatening due to antibiotic resistance
mycoplasma pneumoniae
-walking pneumonia
-droplet transmission
-mild symptoms, fatigue and cough
influenza list or describe:
a. signs and symptoms
b. transmission
a. fever, body aches, headache, discomfort, chills, coughing, and tight chest
b. airborne and some fomite
laryngitis
inflammation of the vocal cords
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome list:
a. the causative agent
b. signs and symptoms
c. pathogenicity
d. mechanism of transmission
e. prevention and treatment
a. hantavirus pulmonary virus
b. fever, muscle aches, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea, and non productive cough
c. virus enters the blood, antigen causes inflammation of lungs and pulmonary edema, drown in own lungs
d. deer mouse urine inhalation
e. wear a mask when cleaning, no treatment
streptococcus pneumoniae
-typical/community-acquired pneumonia
-droplet transmission
-gram + coccus
legionella pneumophila
-legionnaire’s disease
-gram - rod
-non human aersol
-diarrhea and vomitting
coronavirus respiratory syndromes.
a. causative agents and forms of the disease
b. transmission
c. signs and symptoms
a. coronavirus, SARS, MERS, COVID-19
b. person to person, droplet
c. high fever, cough, shortness of breath, body aches, loss of taste and smell, and abnormal clotting
klebsiella pneumoniae
-gram - rod
-healthcare acquired
-gelatinous red brown sputum
tuberculosis list or describe:
a. the causative agent
b. the pathogenicity of the microbe
c. the PPD skin test
a. mycobacterium tuberculosis
b. mycolic acid in cell wall inhibits the formation of the phagolysosome
c. tests for memory T cell reaction
epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
diphtheria list or describe:
a. the causative agent
b. the signs and symptoms of the disease
c. why this disease is not very common
a. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
b. mild sore throat, fever, pseudomembrane in throat
c. DTaP vax
coccidioidomycosis list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission
c. signs and symptoms
a. coccidioides immitis
b. spores inhaled, spores found in cow and sheep poop
c. flu like symptoms, can cause rash and meningitis
haemophilus influenzae
-immunocompromised people
-gram - rod
-droplet transmission
-can lead to meningitis
Describe some virulence factors for influenza
hemagglutination, neuraminidase, and segmented genome
respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. other names for the disease
c. susceptible individuals
a. respiratory syncytial virus
b. viral pneumonia
c.infants, children, and elderly
