21 Microbial Cardiovascular and Systemic Diseases

Question 1

Toxoplasmosis list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission
c. individuals at risk

Answer 1

a. toxoplasma gondii
b. contact with contaminated cat litter or beef
c. unborn fetus and AIDS patients, affects vision and brain

Question 2

malaria list or describe:
a. causative agents
b. signs and symptoms
c. pathogenicity

Answer 2

a. plasmodium vivax
b. high fever alternating with asymptomatic periods, based on strain, jaundice
c.replicates in liver cells and RBC

Question 3

List and describe the viral hemorrhagic fevers.

Answer 3

Ebola, Lassa Fever, Marburg, and Dengue hemorraghic
profuse bleeding from mucous membranes
contact with body fluids

Question 4

For tularemia list or describe:
a. origin of the name of the organism
b. causative agent
c. methods of transmission
d. variety of signs and symptoms produced

Answer 4

a. named after edward francis and tulare county
b. francisella tularensis
c. aersol, food vehicle, fleas, or scratches on the skin
d. skin ulcers, pneumonia

Question 5

septicemia

Answer 5

microbial infection in the blood

Question 6

schistosomiasis list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. transmission
c. visceral vs. skin effects

Answer 6

a. shistosoma mansoni
b. juvenile worm burrows through skin between toes. Snails are intermediate host
c. visceral: liver, bladder, and intestines
skin: rash and blisters

Question 7

petechiae

Answer 7

pinpoint, round spots that appear on the skin as a result of bleeding

Question 8

septic shock

Answer 8

shock due to rapid tissue death and organ failure

Question 9

For Gram negative septicemia:
a. the more common causative agents
b. transmission
c. prevention

Answer 9

a. pseudomonas aeruginosa, e.coli, and bacteroides
b. nosocomial
c. cleaning machines and hospital equipment

Question 10

buboes

Answer 10

swollen lymph nodes, usually in cervical, axillary, and groin areas

Question 11

For infectious mononucleosis list or describe:
a. the causative agent, signs and symptoms
b. which age groups show signs and symptoms of the disease
c. method of transmission
d. method used to diagnose

Answer 11

a. epstein-barr virus, swollen lymph nodes, sore throat, increased WBC, and enlarged spleen
b. 13-29
c. saliva
d.abnormally lobed nuclei in lymphocytes and neutropenia, ELISA

Question 12

Lyme disease list or describe:
a. causative agent, bacterial group, origin of disease name
b. transmission
c. signs and symptoms

Answer 12

a. borrelia burgdorfi, spirochete, named after town of Lyme in CT
b. tick bite
c. stage 1: skin rash that looks like a target, flu like symptoms
stage 2: heart and nervous system disorder
stage 3: arthritis

Question 13

Describe the two emerging arboviruses: Zika virus and chikungunya virus

Answer 13

Zika: mosquito vector, also through sex, placenta, and body fluids. Mostly asymptomatic, rash, fever, joint pain
Chikungunya: mosquito vector, fever, rash, nausea, and extreme joint pain. Virus replicates in fibroblasts.

Question 14

For the plague list or describe:
a. the causative agent
b. methods of transmission
c. signs and symptoms

Answer 14

a. yersinia pestis
b. fleas, scratch or bite from animal. Airborne transmission possible
c. fever, buboes, septicemia, pneumonia

Question 15

lymphangitis

Answer 15

inflammation of the lymphatic vessels that result in red streaks on skin

Question 16

Compare and contrast dengue and yellow fever.

Answer 16

yellow fever: mosquito, jaundice, bloody stool, jungle monkey reservoir
dengue fever: mosquito, fever, cramps, muscle soreness, extreme pain

Question 17

For endocarditis list or describe:
a. organ affected
b. causative agents

Answer 17

heart lining
viridans streptococci

Question 18

sepsis

Answer 18

toxins are circulating in the blood and causing wide-spread systemic inflammation

Question 19

cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease list or describe:
a. causative agent
b. signs and symptoms
c. affected individuals

Answer 19

a. cytomegalovirus
b. fever, fatigue, and enlarged spleen. Often asymptomatic
c. AIDS patients, immunocompromised, and fetus