Chapter Twelve : Motivation Flashcards
a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
motivation
a complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
instinct
the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state that motivates an organism to satisfy a need
drive-reduction theory
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
homeostasis
a positive or negative environment stimulus that motivates behavior
incentives
not all behaviors reduce immediate physiological needs or tension states; curiosity driven behaviors
optimal arousal theory
he created the hierarchy of needs
Abraham Maslow
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
hierarchy of needs
an eating disorder in which a normal weight person diets and becomes significantly (15%+) underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve
anorexia nervosa
an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise
bulimia nervosa
Indiana University biologist; provided first description of sexual behavior by studying people’s sexual practices
Alfred Kinsey
the four stages of sexual response described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
sexual response cycle
a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
refractory period
a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
sexual disorder
an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual)
sexual orientation
