Chapter Fifteen : Part Two Flashcards
proposes that faith in one’s worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death
terror-management theroy
third-force perspective: emphasized human potential and seeing the world through the person’s eyes; focusing on healthy people striving
humanistic perspective
hierarchy of needs; ultimately seek self-actualization by reaching our full potential
Abraham Maslow
according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential
self-actualization
he believed in three growth promoting conditions, genuineness, acceptance, and empathy; unconditional positive regard
Carl Rogers
according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person
unconditional positive regard
all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer o the question “who am I?”
self-concept
describe personality in terms of stable and enduring behavior patters, or predispositions to feel and act
trait theory
a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories ad peer reports
trait
he came to define personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns; desired to describe traits
Gordon Allport
statistical procedure to identify clusters of test items that tap basic components of intelligence
factor analysis
a questionnaire (true-false, agree-disagree) to which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits
personality inventory
the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality test; originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test test is now used for many other screening purposes
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)
a test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups
empirically derived test
conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraverson
the big five (CANOE)
views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context
social-cognitive perspective
the interacting influences between personality and environmental factors
reciprocal determinism
our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless
personal control
the perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determine one’s fate
external focus of control
the perception that one controls one’s own fate
internal focus of control
the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events
learns helplessness
he is associated with positive psychology
Martin Seligman
a psychology concerned not only with weakness and damage but also with strength and virtue
positive psychology
overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders
spotlight effect
one’s feeling of high or low self-worth
self-esteem
a readiness to perceive oneself favorably
self-serving bias
