Chapter Fifteen : Part Two

Question 1

proposes that faith in one’s worldview and the pursuit of self-esteem provide protection against a deeply rooted fear of death

Answer 1

terror-management theroy

Question 2

third-force perspective: emphasized human potential and seeing the world through the person’s eyes; focusing on healthy people striving

Answer 2

humanistic perspective

Question 3

hierarchy of needs; ultimately seek self-actualization by reaching our full potential

Answer 3

Abraham Maslow

Question 4

according to Maslow, the ultimate psychological need that arises after basic physical and psychological needs are met and self-esteem is achieved; the motivation to fulfill one’s potential

Answer 4

self-actualization

Question 5

he believed in three growth promoting conditions, genuineness, acceptance, and empathy; unconditional positive regard

Answer 5

Carl Rogers

Question 6

according to Rogers, an attitude of total acceptance toward another person

Answer 6

unconditional positive regard

Question 7

all our thoughts and feelings about ourselves, in answer o the question “who am I?”

Answer 7

self-concept

Question 8

describe personality in terms of stable and enduring behavior patters, or predispositions to feel and act

Answer 8

trait theory

Question 9

a characteristic pattern of behavior or a disposition to feel and act, as assessed by self-report inventories ad peer reports

Answer 9

trait

Question 10

he came to define personality in terms of identifiable behavior patterns; desired to describe traits

Answer 10

Gordon Allport

Question 11

statistical procedure to identify clusters of test items that tap basic components of intelligence

Answer 11

factor analysis

Question 12

a questionnaire (true-false, agree-disagree) to which people respond to items designed to gauge a wide range of feelings and behaviors; used to assess selected personality traits

Answer 12

personality inventory

Question 13

the most widely researched and clinically used of all personality test; originally developed to identify emotional disorders, this test test is now used for many other screening purposes

Answer 13

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)

Question 14

a test developed by testing a pool of items and then selecting those that discriminate between groups

Answer 14

empirically derived test

Question 15

conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, extraverson

Answer 15

the big five (CANOE)

Question 16

views behavior as influenced by the interaction between persons (and their thinking) and their social context

Answer 16

social-cognitive perspective

Question 17

the interacting influences between personality and environmental factors

Answer 17

reciprocal determinism

Question 18

our sense of controlling our environment rather than feeling helpless

Answer 18

personal control

Question 19

the perception that chance or outside forces beyond one’s personal control determine one’s fate

Answer 19

external focus of control

Question 20

the perception that one controls one’s own fate

Answer 20

internal focus of control

Question 21

the hopelessness and passive resignation an animal or human learns when unable to avoid repeated aversive events

Answer 21

learns helplessness

Question 22

he is associated with positive psychology

Answer 22

Martin Seligman

Question 23

a psychology concerned not only with weakness and damage but also with strength and virtue

Answer 23

positive psychology

Question 24

overestimating others noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders

Answer 24

spotlight effect

Question 25

one’s feeling of high or low self-worth

Answer 25

self-esteem

Question 26

a readiness to perceive oneself favorably

Answer 26

self-serving bias