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AP Psychology Definitions > Chapter Seven > Flashcards

Chapter Seven Flashcards

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1
Q

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

A

consciousness

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2
Q

periodic physiological fluctuations

A

biological rhythms

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3
Q

the biological clock; regular bodily rhythms that occur on a 24-hour cycle; temperature and wakefulness

A

circadian rhythm

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4
Q

rapid eye movement sleep, a recurring sleep stage during which vivid dreams commonly occur; also known as paradoxical sleep, because the muscles are relaxed but other body systems are active

A

REM sleep

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5
Q

the relatively slow brain waves of a relaxed, awake state

A

alpha waves

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6
Q

periodic, natural, reversible loss of consciousness - as distinct from unconsciousness resulting from a coma, general anesthesia, or hibernation

A

sleep

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7
Q

false sensory experiences, such as seeing something in the absence of an eternal visual stimulus

A

hallucinations

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8
Q

the large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep

A

delta waves

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9
Q

recurring problems in falling or staying asleep

A

insomnia

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10
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by uncontrollable sleep attacks; the sufferer may lapse directly into REM sleep, often at inopportune times

A

narcolepsy

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11
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and repeated momentary awakenings

A

sleep apnea

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12
Q

a sleep disorder characterized by high arousal and an appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares, they occur in stage four of sleep, within two or three hours of falling asleep, and are seldom remembered

A

night terrors

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13
Q

a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind, they are notable for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer’s delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it

A

dream

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14
Q

dream theory that states that dreams provide a “psychic safety valve” - expressing otherwise unacceptable feelings; contain manifest content and a deeper layer of latent content

A

Freud’s Wish-Fulfillment

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15
Q

dream theory that states that dreams help us sort out the day’s events and consolidate our memories

A

Information Processing

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16
Q

dream theory that states that regular brain stimulation from REM sleep may help develop and preserve neural pathways

A

Physiological Function

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17
Q

dream theory that states that REM sleep triggers neural activity that evokes random visual memories, which our sleeping brain weaves into stories

A

Activation-Synthesis

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18
Q

dream theory that states that dream content reflects dreamers’ cognitive development - their knowledge and understanding

A

Cognitive Theory

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19
Q

according to Freud, the remembered story line of a dream

A

manifest content

20
Q

according to Freud, the underlying meaning of a dream

A

latent content

21
Q

the tendency for REM sleep to increase following REM sleep deprivation (created by repeated awakenings during REM sleep)

A

REM rebound

22
Q

a social integration in which one person suggests to another that certain perceptions, feelings, thoughts, or behaviors will spontaneously occur

A

hypnosis

23
Q

a suggestion, made during a hypnosis session, to be carried out after the subject is no longer hypnotized; used by some clinicians to help control undesired symptoms and behaviors

A

posthypnotic suggestion

24
Q

a split in consciousness, which allows some thoughts and behaviors to occur simultaneously with others

A

dissociation

25
Q

a chemical substance that alters perceptions and mood

A

psychoactive drug

26
Q

the diminishing effect with regular use of the same dose of a drug, requiring the user to take larger and larger doses before experiencing the same effect

A

tolerance

27
Q

the discomfort and distress that follow discontinuing the use of an addictive drug

A

withdrawal

28
Q

a physiological need for a drug, marked by unpleasant withdraw, symptoms when the drug is discontinued

A

physical dependence

29
Q

a psychological need to use a drug, such as to relieve negative emotions

A

psychological dependence

30
Q

compulsive drug craving and use

A

addiction

31
Q

drugs that reduce neural activity and slow body functions (alcohol, barbiturates, and opiates)

A

depressants

32
Q

drugs that depress the activity of the central nervous system, reducing anxiety but impairing memory and judgement

A

barbiturates

33
Q

opium and its derivatives, such as morphine and heroin; they depress neural activity, temporarily lessening pain and anxiety

A

opiates

34
Q

drugs that excite neural activity and speed up body functions (such as caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, ecstasy)

A

stimulants

35
Q

drugs that stimulate neural activity, causing speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes

A

amphetamines

36
Q

a powerfully addictive drug that stimulates the central nervous system, with speeded up body functions and associated energy and mood changes; over time, appears to reduce baseline dopamine levels

A

methamphetamine

37
Q

a synthetic stimulant and mild hallucinogen, produced euphoria and social intimacy, but with short term health risks and longer term harm to serotonin producing neurons and to mood and cognition

A

ecstasy (MDMA)

38
Q

psychedelic drugs, that distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the a sense of sensory input (LSD)

A

hallucinogens

39
Q

a powerful hallucinogenic drug; also known as acid

A

LSD

40
Q

the major active ingredient in marijuana; triggers a variety of effects. Including mild hallucinations

A

THC

41
Q

an altered state of consciousness reported after a close brush with death; often similar to drug-induced hallucinations

A

near-death experience

42
Q

the presumption that mind and body are two distinct entities that interact

A

dualism

43
Q

the presumption that mind and body are different aspects of the same thing

A

monism

44
Q

theory states that hypnotic behavior can be associated with other altered states beside hypnosis

A

social influence theory

45
Q

supposed ability to relive childhood experiences

A

age regression

AP Psychology Definitions (23 decks)

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