Chapter Eleven : Intelligence

Question 1

mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and us knowledge to adapt to new situations

Answer 1

intellignece

Question 2

viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing; reasoning failure

Answer 2

refication

Question 3

a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score

Answer 3

factor analysis

Question 4

a general intelligence factor that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test

Answer 4

general intelligence (g)

Question 5

a condition i which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has a exceptional specific skill such as in computation or drawing

Answer 5

savant syndrome

Question 6

the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions

Answer 6

emotional intelligence

Question 7

the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas

Answer 7

creativity

Question 8

he developed factor analysis; believed in general intelligence (g)

Answer 8

Charles Spearman

Question 9

he mathematically identified 7 clusters of primary mental abilities

Answer 9

L. L. Thurstone

Question 10

he believed intelligences come in packages(8 intelligences); brain damage can diminish some intelligences yet not other

Answer 10

Howard Gardner

Question 11

his triarchic theory included 3 intelligences: analytical, creative, and practical

Answer 11

Robert Sternberg

Question 12

a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitude and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores

Answer 12

intelligence test

Question 13

a measure of intelligences test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance, thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8

Answer 13

mental age

Question 14

he developed the first intelligence test in France to predict school achievement; supported the idea of nurture

Answer 14

Alfred Binet

Question 15

he revised Binet’s original test at Stanford University to better fit American school children (Stanford-Binet); supported nature (intelligence is innate); also used his new test to eliminate immigrants who did not meet the standards

Answer 15

Lewis Terman

Question 16

the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test

Answer 16

Stanford-Binet

Question 17

defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (ma/ca x 100); on contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100

Answer 17

intelligence quotient (IQ)

Question 18

a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn

Answer 18

aptitude test

Question 19

a test designed to assess what a person has learned

Answer 19

achievement test

Question 20

the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests

Answer 20

Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)

Question 21

defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group

Answer 21

standardization

Question 22

the phenomenon of improving performance on intelligence tests

Answer 22

The Flynn Effect

Question 23

the symmetrical bell shapes curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes; most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes

Answer 23

normal curve

Question 24

the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting

Answer 24

reliability

Question 25

the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks)

Answer 25

content validity

Question 26

the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to

Answer 26

validity

Question 27

the behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity

Answer 27

criterion

Question 28

the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior

Answer 28

predictive validity

Question 29

a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life, varies from mild to profound

Answer 29

mental retardation

Question 30

a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup

Answer 30

Down Syndrome

Question 31

a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype

Answer 31

stereotype threat