Chapter Eleven : Intelligence Flashcards
mental quality consisting of the ability to learn from experience, solve problems, and us knowledge to adapt to new situations
intellignece
viewing an abstract, immaterial concept as if it were a concrete thing; reasoning failure
refication
a statistical procedure that identifies clusters of related items (called factors) on a test; used to identify different dimensions of performance that underlie one’s total score
factor analysis
a general intelligence factor that according to Spearman and others underlies specific mental abilities and is therefore measured by every task on an intelligence test
general intelligence (g)
a condition i which a person otherwise limited in mental ability has a exceptional specific skill such as in computation or drawing
savant syndrome
the ability to perceive, understand, manage, and use emotions
emotional intelligence
the ability to produce novel and valuable ideas
creativity
he developed factor analysis; believed in general intelligence (g)
Charles Spearman
he mathematically identified 7 clusters of primary mental abilities
L. L. Thurstone
he believed intelligences come in packages(8 intelligences); brain damage can diminish some intelligences yet not other
Howard Gardner
his triarchic theory included 3 intelligences: analytical, creative, and practical
Robert Sternberg
a method for assessing an individual’s mental aptitude and comparing them with those of others, using numerical scores
intelligence test
a measure of intelligences test performance devised by Binet; the chronological age that most typically corresponds to a given level of performance, thus, a child who does as well as the average 8-year-old is said to have a mental age of 8
mental age
he developed the first intelligence test in France to predict school achievement; supported the idea of nurture
Alfred Binet
he revised Binet’s original test at Stanford University to better fit American school children (Stanford-Binet); supported nature (intelligence is innate); also used his new test to eliminate immigrants who did not meet the standards
Lewis Terman
the widely used American revision (by Terman at Stanford University) of Binet’s original intelligence test
Stanford-Binet
defined originally as the ratio of mental age (ma) chronological age (ca) multiplied by 100 (ma/ca x 100); on contemporary intelligence tests, the average performance for a given age is assigned a score of 100
intelligence quotient (IQ)
a test designed to predict a person’s future performance; aptitude is the capacity to learn
aptitude test
a test designed to assess what a person has learned
achievement test
the most widely used intelligence test; contains verbal and performance (nonverbal) subtests
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS)
defining meaningful scores by comparison with the performance of a pretested standardization group
standardization
the phenomenon of improving performance on intelligence tests
The Flynn Effect
the symmetrical bell shapes curve that describes the distribution of many physical and psychological attributes; most scores fall near the average, and fewer and fewer scores lie near the extremes
normal curve
the extent to which a test yields consistent results, as assessed by the consistency of scores on two halves of the test, on alternate forms of the test, or on retesting
reliability
the extent to which a test samples the behavior that is of interest (such as a driving test that samples driving tasks)
content validity
the extent to which a test measures or predicts what it is supposed to
validity
the behavior (such as future college grades) that a test (such as the SAT) is designed to predict; thus, the measure used in defining whether the test has predictive validity
criterion
the success with which a test predicts the behavior it is designed to predict; it is assessed by computing the correlation between test scores and the criterion behavior
predictive validity
a condition of limited mental ability, indicated by an intelligence score of 70 or below and difficulty in adapting to the demands of life, varies from mild to profound
mental retardation
a condition of retardation and associated physical disorders caused by an extra chromosome in one’s genetic makeup
Down Syndrome
a self-confirming concern that one will be evaluated based on a negative stereotype
stereotype threat
