When depts. take an all-hazard concept approach, they provide services such as: - community risk red______ (fire prevention and public education - fire sup______ - fire cause det__________ - emergency ______ services (EMS) - tech______ rescue services - h_________ materials mitigation - air_____ and/or sea____ protection - emergency man______ services

- reduction - suppression - determination - medical - technical - hazardous - port/port - management

The AHJ is responsible for establishing the manner in which its fire service is organized to include: - type of de_____ - of f______ and their locations - types and number of a_________ - of per________ - organizational hie_________ - function and resp_______ for specific jobs and ranks - min____ training/cert level requirements to attain those ranks

- department - facilities - apparatus - personnel - hierarchy - responsibility - minimum

To understand the organizational layout of your department, you need to know the following: - organizational st_____ and principles - types of fire d_______ - fire com______ - staf________

- structures - departments - companies - staffing

Chapter Addendum - Firefighter Knowledge and Skills for Driver/Operators Flashcards by Sara Jones

The fire service has a rich cultural history full of traditions, techniques and best \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ that you will learn about during your career. = point of pride for any firefighters.
A. practices
B. fire houses
C. workmanship
D. comradary

A. practices

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With new info, technology and shared knowledge/experience, the fire service CULTURE has continuously changed, sometimes slowly with a great deal of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ from personnel.  
A. happiness
B. resistance
C. work
D. acceptance

B. resistance

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Without change to cultural n______, fireground strategies and tac____, ff skills and traditional ways of thinking, the fire service would be less div______, less eff____ and less safety con______ than it is today.

norms
tactics
diversity
effective
conscious

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Part of fire service culture should NOT be embracing and acknowledging the need to change the culture for the better. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - they should be embracing

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FF and driver/operators must understand the fire service m_____ and how the fire and emergency service is org_________.

mission

- organized

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Who usually mandates the fire service mission?
A. IFSTA
B. NFPA
C. AHJ 
D. the chief

C. AHJ

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Who determines what services are needed to protect the citizens AND establishes the fire service to meet that need?
A. IFSTA
B. NFPA
C. AHJ 
D. the chief

C. AHJ

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The mission of each fire department will vary among different WHAT? (3) (because different communities require different services)

cities
states/provinces
regions

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The fire service’s mission is to save ___ and to protect _____ and the env______ from f______ and other haz_______ situations.

lives
property
environment
fire
hazardous

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Who takes an all-hazard concept approach?

many modern fire dept.

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When depts. take an all-hazard concept approach, they provide services such as:

community risk red______ (fire prevention and public education
fire sup______
fire cause det__________
emergency ______ services (EMS)
tech______ rescue services
h_________ materials mitigation
air_____ and/or sea____ protection
emergency man______ services

reduction
suppression
determination
medical
technical
hazardous
port/port
management

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Your local dept. mission will depend on the legal \_\_\_\_\_ that established it and your community needs.
A. laws
B. workings
C. mandate
D. requirements

C. mandate

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Who’s role is it to fulfill the stated goals and objectives of your depts. mission statement?

YOUR

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Stated goals and objectives of your fire department mission statement are apart of the departments ______ and ________.

rules

- regulations

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Where should goals and objectives of the dept. mission be posted? Who should it be made available to? (2)

at every dept. facility

- all personnel, community

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Who is responsible for establishing the manner in which its fire service is organized?
A. IFSTA
B. NFPA
C. AHJ 
D. the chief

C. AHJ

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The AHJ is responsible for establishing the manner in which its fire service is organized to include:

type of de_____
# of f______ and their locations
types and number of a_________
# of per________
organizational hie_________
function and resp_______ for specific jobs and ranks
min____ training/cert level requirements to attain those ranks

department
facilities
apparatus
personnel
hierarchy
responsibility
minimum

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To understand the organizational layout of your department, you need to know the following:

organizational st_____ and principles
types of fire d_______
fire com______
staf________

structures
departments
companies
staffing

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An organizations structure and principles establish the foundation for how the organization will function and operate to achieve it's \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. orders
B. rewards
C. community status
D. mission

D. misson

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The most common fire department organizational structure is \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
A. step down
B. order of operations
C. secular management
D. scalar

D. scalar

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What is defined as having an uninterrupted series of steps and is the most common fire department organizational structure?
A. scalar
B. step down method
C. working order
D. downward structure

A. scalar

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In scalar organizational structure, decisions and info are directed from the intermediate levels to the base of the structure up to the top (chief). TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - top to intermediate

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In scalar organizational structure, decisions and info are directed from the top (chief) of the structure down through intermediate levels to the base. The levels in between are composed of personnel assigned by WHAT? (2)

rank

- duty

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Feedback and information are transmitted up from the bottom through the structure to the top position in what organizational structure?
A. step down
B. order of operations
C. secular management
D. scalar

D. scalar

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To function effectively as a member of your organization you must operate in accordance with these principles: (5) - chain of _______ - unity of ________ - ______ of control - disc________ - division of ______

- command - command - span - discipline - labor

To function effectively as a member of your organization you must operate in accordance with these principles: (5) 1. This is the formal line of authority, responsibility and communication within an organization. Shown as an organizational chart with a chief at the top and ff at the bottom. A. unity of command B. span of control C. chain of command D. division of labor

C. chain of command

``` Adhearing to THIS helps ensure unity of command within an organization. A. Discipline B. span of control C. chain of command D. division of labor ```

C. chain of command

To function effectively as a member of your organization you must operate in accordance with these principles: (5) 2. Using THIS, each employee reports directly to just one supervisor, moving up the chain of command, all personnel ULTIMATELY report to the fire chief. A. unity of command B. span of control C. chain of command D. division of labor

A. unity of command

To function effectively as a member of your organization you must operate in accordance with these principles: (5) 3. THIS refers to an organization's responsibility to provide leadership and an individuals responsibility to follow orders. A. unity of command B. span of control C. chain of command D. discipline

D. discipline

- rules - regulations - policies

To function effectively as a member of your organization you must operate in accordance with these principles: (5) 4. Discipline refers to an organization's responsibility to provide leadership and an individuals responsibility to follow orders. It is administered through rules, regulations and policies that define acceptable performance and expected outcomes. It can only be properly unforced if rules are __________ written and _________ throughout the organization. A. clearly, communicated B. hand, dispersed C. hand, communicated D. clearly, emailed

A. clearly, communicated

To function effectively as a member of your organization you must operate in accordance with these principles: (5) 5. THIS is the process of dividing large jobs into smaller jobs to make them more manageable, to equalize work loads, and to increase efficiency. A. discipline B. span of control C. division of labor D. unity of command

D. division of labor

Span of control is used to effectively supervise personnel OR __________.

functions

Division of labor is necessary in the fire service for the following 3 reasons: - to assign resp___________ - to assign specific and c________-cut tasks - to prevent dup_______ of effort

- responsibility - clear - duplication

Most of the emergency services organizations in North America are public or private?

public

Emergency services that are public are funded by WHOM (a municipality, county, district, or other areas as defined by the AHJ) through taxes (state/provincial and federal), fees, grants, fundraisers, donations and contracts.

community

This type of organization (fire or emergency) raise money through contracts, billing for services, and revenue provided by their parent organization.

private

``` Private types of organization (fire or emergency) raise money through contracts, billing for services, and revenue provided by their parent organization. They may provide services to a single company, facility or _________. A. state B. city C. government organization D. municipality ```

D. municipality

Different types of fire departments: - c______ - v______ - combo

- career | - volunteer

Most large cities and some counties maintain the departments f_______ and eq_______.

- facilities | - equipment

Most large cities and some counties maintain the departments facilities and equipment. They employ full-time ______ (volunteer/career/combo?) fire fighters and other personnel to provide necessary service.

career

Are depts who serve military installations and private industrial sites typically volunteer, career or a combo type of departments?

career

``` What type of department is continually staffed meaning there is always someone on duty? A. full-time career B. full-time volunteer C. part-time career D. combo departments ```

A. full-time career

``` What type of department may be overseen by the local government, or it may be independent and governed by an elected board of directors? A. combo departments B. volunteer C. career D. all of the above ```

B. volunteer

``` What kind of department is not continuously staffed and respond to emergencies when necessary? A. combo departments B. volunteer C. career D. all of the above ```

B. volunteer

Can some volunteer departments be publicly funded? YES or NO

YES

Some volunteer departments can be publicly funded. The _____ or ______ provides the facilities for the fire station, purchases equipment and pays for its maintenance.

town or county

``` What type of department raise money through subscription fees, fund-raising events and billing customers for emergency response costs? (vehicle response/replacement material costs) (and sometimes funded by county or town) A. combo departments B. volunteer C. career D. all of the above ```

B. volunteer

``` What type of combination department may contain both government and civilian personnel? A. state combo department B. county combo department C. country combo department D. federal combo department ```

D. federal combo department

The basic unit of a fire fighting operation is a........

company

``` What basic unit of fire fighting operations consists of an apparatus, firefighters and is led by a company officer? A. company B. battalion C. response district D. strike force ```

A. company

``` Multiple companies within a response area are grouped into a ______ or _________, whose day-to-day functions are overseen by the operations division. A. strike force B. battalion C. response district D. both B and C ```

D. both B and C

In small departments, can a SINGLE company perform many different specialized tasks (such as fire fighting, rescue and ems?) YES or NO

YES

In a LARGE or SMALL department will you find most companies having a SINGLE specialized task? (such as rescue, fire fighting, ems)

large

The general types of COMPANIES: - e______ company - truck (l_____) company - r_____ company - br_____ company - h______ materials company - emergency m_____/ambulance company - aircraft rescue and fire fighting (____) company

- engine - ladder - rescue - brush - hazardous - medical - AFRR

What type of company may have additional duties to include search and rescue, extrication, ventilation and EMS and are assigned to a pumping apparatus?

engine company

What company performs forcible entry, search and rescue, vent, salvage, overhaul and utility control?

truck/ladder company

What company may provide access to upper levels of a structure, elevated water streams, extrication and ems?

truck/ladder company

What type of company searches for and removes victims from areas of danger or entrapment, may be specially trained to perform technical rescues and may serve as the rapid intervention crew/team (RIC/RIT)?

rescue company

What company extinguishes ground cover or grass fires and protects structures in areas close to fields and woodlands?

brush company

What type of company mitigates hazardous materials incidents?

hazardous materials companies

What type of company provides emergency medical car and may transport?

emergency medical/ambulance companies

What type of company performs rescue and fire suppression involving aircraft?

ARFF - aircraft rescue and ff companies

``` The different staffing _______ are based on whether or not firefighters are paid and how often they work. A. positions B. classifications C. order D. schedules ```

B. classifications

Who can be full-time but not considered jurisdictional employees?

volunteer

Are volunteer ff required to attend regular training sessions and station workdays? YES or NO

YES

Who could be part-time, paid-on-call, fully, full-time or a combo of these?

volunteer ff

Part-time and paid-on-call firefighters usually live in the fire stations. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

How are part-time and paid-on-call ff summoned to the station or emergency? (3)

- phone - pager - community signal

``` How are part-time and paid-on-call ff usually paid? A. salary B. set fee for response C. hourly D. both B and C ```

D. both B and C

Part-time and paid-on-call ff are usually paid hourly or by a set fee for response. WHO else might be paid like this?

part-time personnel in full-time career organizations

``` In some volunteer and MOST career dept., personnel are divided into: A. workers, office B. staff, office C. line, staff D. workers, online ```

C. line, staff

Who works for internal customers and provide administrative and logistic support such as finance, maintenance and training? line or staff?

staff

Who works for external customers and delivers emergency services? line or staff?

line

Staff officers in some departments provide internal and external customer service (such as CPR training to ff and the public). TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Only staff functions are critical to a successful operation of any organization (not line.) TRUE or FALSE

FALSE

``` Written _______ clarify expectations, delegate authority and assign responsibility based on the organization's structure AND mission. A. policies B. regulations C. warnings d. procedures ```

B. regulations

Department regulations consist of p______ and p_______.

- policies | - procedures

Besides department regulations, the dept and its employees are also governed by municipal ord_____, state/p______ and fe_____ laws, AND the codes and standards adopted by the _ _ _.

- ordinances - provincial - federal - AHJ

Where are written contacts from unions with labor/management agreements maintained?

at every workplace

To provide access to regulations, organizations do: - distribute them in w_____ or el____ form - communicate them v_____ to all members - p___ them in a conspicuous place in ALL facilities

- writing - electronically - verbally - post

New policies or amendments should be posted on ______ boards.

bulletin boards

``` A ______ is a guide to decision making within an organization. A. procedure B. regulation C. standard D. policy ```

D. policy

``` What are determined by top management and distributed to lower ranks to be IMPLEMENTED? A. procedures B. regulations C. standards D. policies ```

D. policies

``` WHAT sets boundaries AND establishes standards of conduct that an organization expects from its members? A. procedures B. regulations C. standards D. policies ```

D. policies

``` What addresses such things as working hours, emergency guidelines and chain of command? A. procedures B. regulations C. standards D. policies ```

D. policies

Can policies NOT be written and be known as organizational norms or past practices? YES or NO

YES

``` What can be created in response to government mandates, such as certification training or changes to operational needs? A. procedures B. regulations C. standards D. policies ```

D. policies

Are most, but not all policies involve written criteria? YES or NO

YES

``` Policies can be unwritten and be known as organizational norms or past practices. these result from the organizations _______ approach to routine tasks and are implied rather than formally stated. A. all time B. working C. traditional D. favorite ```

C. traditional

``` When policies are out of date or there is no clear policy, a ______ policy is common. A. unwritten B. written C. supplied D. newly created ```

A. unwritten

``` When policies are out of date of there is no clear policy, an unwritten policy is common. It is important to create a clear _____ policy at this point so there are not dangerous consequences that result in legal liability. A. unwritten B. written C. supplied D. newly created ```

B. written

``` THESE are detailed written plans that list specific steps for approaching a recurring problem or situation. A. procedures B. regulations C. standards D. policies ```

A. procedures

``` Steps required for venting a roof or handle hazardous material spills are an example of....... A. procedures B. regulations C. standards D. policies ```

a. procedures

``` THESE are an outline of the steps that must be performed in order to properly follow an organizational POLICY. A. procedures B. regulations C. standards D. guides ```

A. procedures

Which are hard and fast rules? SOPs or SOGs

SOPs

Which of the following allows leeway in particular situations? SOPs or SOGs

SOGs

Who mandated that all emergency services organizations use common terminology and command structures to improve their interoperability?

The United States government

The US government mandated that all emergency services organizations use common terminology and command structures to improve their interoperability. What was created as a result? A. Incident Command (IC) B. National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC) C. Both A and B D. Incident Command System (ICS)

B. National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC)

Was the National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC) designed for ONLY large-scale incidents involving several agencies and many mutual-aid units that could possibly last for days? YES or NO

NO - for small, single-unit incidents too

``` National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC) combines command strategy with organizational _________. A. procedures B. regulations C. standards D. guides ```

A. procedures

What provides a functional, systematic organizational structure? A. Incident Command (IC) B. National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC) C. Both A and B D. Incident Command System (ICS)

B. National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC)

The ICS organizational structure does NOT clearly show the lines of communication and chain of command. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - it DOES clearly show

National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC) involves six major organizational functions: 1. com______ 2. op_______ 3. pl______ 4. lo_______ 5. finance/ad_________ 6. int_________

1. command 2. operations 3. planning 4. logistics 5. finance/administration 6. intelligence

``` When should emergency personnel receive National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC) training? A. entry-level B. recurring proficiency training C. professional development D. all of the above ```

D. all of the above

________ courses are offered through the online resources of the National Fire Academy, the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA and mny state/tribal and local agencies. A. Incident Command (IC) B. National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC) C. Both A and B D. Incident Command System (ICS)

B. National Incident Management System-Incident Command System (NIMS-IC)

Fire departments frequently interact with: - emergency m____ services and local hospitals - emergency/dis_____ management - l___ enforcement - u_____ companies and public works - me______

- medical - disaster - law - utility - media

NFPA _____ includes specific emergency and non emergency duties of a driver/operator.

NFPA 1002 - Standard for Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications

Under NFPA 1002, a driver must be able to inspect, test and perform some basic ______ services on dept. vehicles.

maintenance

Under NFPA 1002, a driver must be able to drive and transport all ff safely on responses in accordance with local ______ laws and safe driving t_______.

- traffic | - techniques

Under NFPA 1002, a driver must be able to maneuver apparatus in back____, negotiating ob_____, p_____ at the scene and negotiating areas with re______ clearance.

- backing - obstacles - positioning - restricted

Under NFPA 1002, a driver must be able to operate all fixed s______ on the rig including pump and aerial device.

systems

Under NFPA 1002, a driver must be able to supply _____ for effective hose streams, master streams and f_____ streams.

- water | - foam

Under NFPA 1002, a driver must be able to supply _____ to supplement st_____ and automatic s______ systems

- water - standpipe - sprinkler

Overexertion, poor health habits or occupational stress results in THIS, the highest risk factor of fire fighters.

cardiac arrest

``` When was the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation (NFFF) created by congress? A. 1990 B. 1983 C. 1998 D. 1992 ```

D. 1992

``` Who's mission is "to honor and remember America's fallen fire heroes, to provide resources to assist their survivors in rebuilding their lives, and work within the Fire Service Community to reduce firefighter deaths and injuries?" A. NFFF B. NFPA C. IFSTA D. none of the above ```

A. NFFF

``` Who annually honors FF who died in the line of duty the previous year and their families? A. NFFF B. NFPA C. IFSTA D. none of the above ```

A. NFFF

``` In what year did the National Fallen Firefighters Foundation (NFFF) develop 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives to provided the fire service with a blueprint for making changes? A. 2006 B. 2004 C. 2000 D. 1999 ```

B. 2004

``` What is the 16 Firefighter Life Safety Initiatives also known as? A. Everyone is safe B. Everyone works together C. Everyone goes home D. Everyone follows the rules ```

C. Everyone goes home

``` WHO created a Fire Fighter Safety Stand-Down in 2005 that is an annual day-long stand-down focused on fire fighter safety? (usually on each work shift in the third week of June) A. NFFF B. NFPA C. IFSTA D. IAFC ```

D. IAFC (International Association of Fire Chiefs)

``` The IAFC (International Association of Fire Chiefs) created a Fire Fighter Safety Stand-Down in _____ that is an annual day-long stand-down focused on fire fighter safety? (usually on each work shift in the third week of June) A. 2005 B. 2004 C. 2000 D. 1999 ```

A. 2005

The IAFC (International Association of Fire Chiefs) created a Fire Fighter Safety Stand-Down in 2005 that is an annual day-long stand-down focused on fire fighter safety? (usually on each work shift in the third week of June) All EMERGENCY work ceases and safety training sessions are held. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - all NONEMERGENCY work

Has the fire service culture progressed to a more safety-conscious image? YES or NO

YES

``` Departments should have a ____ and safety plan, which is intended to create a safe working environment. A. working B. health C. friendly D. challenge ```

B. health

What NFPA standard specifies the minimum requirements for a fire department safety and health program? (with OSHA)

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

``` FF and driver/operators must take a ______ approach to safety, health and fitness. A. quick B. greater c. proactive D. lasting ```

C. proactive

The dept. safety and health program must address all anticipated hazards such as: - h______ materials release - comm________ diseases - en______ electrical equipment - driving/riding in apparatus during ____ response - nonemergency issues such as s_____ abuse (on or on duty) - other h______ associated with fire fighting

- hazardous - communicable - energized - emergency - substance - hazards

In order to prevent occupational illness, injury and fatalities, a training PROGRAM must be implemented according to NFPA ______.

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

WHAT PROGRAM, required by NFPA 1500, includes initial training of recruits, methods for becoming proficient in ff duties and a process for evaluating ffs skills and knowledge?

training

Training must be thoroughly documented and meet the requirements of what NFPA series of professional qualifications? (ProQual)

NFPA 1000 series

``` How often are proficiency training and evaluations required to ensure members maintain their knowledge and skills? (NFPA 1000 series). A. daily B. weekly C. monthly D. yearly ```

D. yearly

Is training required every time a policy, procedure or guideline is updated? (NFPA 1000 series) YES or NO

YES

Maintaining personnel safety during training evolution includes: - using appropriate _ _ _ - maintaining ______ awareness - being healthy/ in good p____ condition - adhering to all sa_____ regulations - maintaining _ _ _ and training equipment

- PPE - situational - physical - safety - PPE

``` Maintain your ________ awareness during all live fire training, apply your knowledge of fire dynamics, listen to your instructor and remain with your team or partner. A. situational awareness B. work ethic C. safety glasses D. wits ```

A. situational awareness

``` Understanding your breathing, noticing your physical condition, taking advantage of rehab breaks are all part of __________ when you are doing a live training evolution. A. situational awareness B. work ethic C. safety glasses D. wits ```

A. situational awareness

Physical discomfort of illness can make you _____ (less/more?) alert and more prone to ______ (stress/injury?), so if you have any of these you should consult a physician for evaluation ________ (after/before?) training.

- less - injury - before

Is rowdy play and unprofessional conduct allowed during training? YES or NO

Can equipment used for training wear out quicker than those used for emergency calls? YES or NO

YES

What NFPA standard requires drivers to wear a seat belt, obey all traffic signals and regulations and be thoroughly trained before operating the apparatus in an emergency?

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

Protective equipment that should be provided according to NFPA 1500 includes: - res_____ protection such as SCBA or SARs (supplied air respitators) - body a____ for personnel responding to potentially violent incidents - protection against blood and a_____ pathogens - hearing _________

- respiratory - armor - airborne - protection

The Incident Management System (IMS) is also known as the WHAT?

Incident Command System (ICS)

What NFPA standard requires that the emergency operations be managed through an Incident Management System (IMS) (also known as Incident Command System (ICS))?

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

``` NFPA 1500 requires that the emergency operations be managed through an Incident Management System (IMS) (also known as Incident Command System (ICS))? It must include a _________ and personnel accountability system. A. risk management plan B. safety regulation list C. person in charge D. rehabilitation station ```

A. risk management plan

``` NFPA 1500 limits emergency operations to those that can be _______ conducted by personnel on scene. A. quickly B. safely C. always D. hardly ```

B. safely

Emergency operations, according to NFPA 1500, must include rapid _______ crews, re__________ facilities and post_______ analysis.

- intervention - rehabilitation - postincident

Can a postincident analysis be done after a training evolution? YES or NO

YES

A fire service facility needs to reflect the fire service's focus on s______.

safety

What NFPA standard sets minimum design requirements for department facilities like stations, training centers, admin buildings and maintenance shops?

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

NFPA 1500 sets minimum design requirements for department facilities like stations, training centers, admin buildings and maintenance shops. Among these requirements is that these facilities are designed and constructed in compliance with NFPA........

NFPA 101, Life Safety Code

According to NFPA 101, facilities must have a _______ and means for cleaning, disinfecting and storing infection control devices.

space

``` According to NFPA 101, facilities must have a space and means for cleaning, disinfecting and storing infection control devices as well as inspection, maintenance and ______ repairs and prohibits all tobacco use in the facilities. A. long B. rare C. prompt D. easy ```

C. prompt

What NFPA standard must a driver/operator comply with medical and physical requirements of?

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

What NFPA standard requires fire service organizations to establish wellness programs in initiatives?

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

``` What NFPA 1500 required program is intended to guide firefighters toward healthy lifestyles and maintain their fitness-for-duty. A. physical B. medical C. wellness D. safety ```

C. wellness

``` By ensuring FF are healthy, _______ programs are meant to help reduce ff illness, injury and fatalities. A. physical B. medical C. wellness D. safety ```

C. wellness

To better withstand stress, exercise and maintain a healthy ________.

diet

In what type of department are ff typically required to participate in a physical fitness program? Volunteer or career

career

Being _______ can lead to cardiovascular disease, diabetes and musculoskeletal injuries.

overweight

What are these resources for? - USFA - Emerging Health and Safety Issues in the Volunteer Fire Service. - USFA Health and Wellness Guide for the Volunteer Fire and Emergency Services - NVFC Heart-Healthy Firefighter Resource Guide - IAFF Fit to Survive?

health and wellness resources

FF injuries can be prevented by: - providing effective tr_____ - maintaining company dis_____ and accountability - following established safety-related _ _ _s - using personal p_____ clothing and equip - maintaining high levels of p____ fitness - following risk m_____ guidelines - using re_____ facilities at emergency incidents

- training - discipline - SOPs - protective - physical - management - rehabilitation

_____ and _____ illnesses are another source of lost duty time.

- acute | - chronic

Colds and viruses are acute or chronic illnesses?

acute

Cancer and diabetes are acute or chronic illnesses?

chronic

Chronic or acute illnesses could be behavioral or they could be a result of exposures to chemicals or products of combustion in your work environment?

chronic

``` What is the leading cause of FF fatalities? A. falls B. burns C. accidents D. cardiovascular disease ```

D. cardiovascular disease

Some work related causes for death due to cardiovascular disease: - e______ to smoke and chemicals - h____ stress from fires and high tem_____ - psy_________ stress - long, irr_____ work hours

- exposure - heat - temperature - psychological - irregular

Some work related causes for death due to cardiovascular disease: -exposure to smoke and chemicals -heat stress from fires and high temperatures -psychological stress -long, irregular work hours These can be mitigated by departmental policies, procedures and equipment as a part of WHAT program? A. physical B. medical C. wellness D. safety

C. wellness

Adhearing to policies and procedures, wearing your PPE and reducing your exposures to hazards are WHOS responsibility?

yours

Non-job related causes of THIS include obesity, tobacco use, and lack of physical fitness.

cardiovascular disease

Can physical exercise help lower stress and reduce risk of cardiac arrest and stroke? YES or NO

YES

WHAT disease includes asthma, lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

respiratory disease

Carbon monoxide and phosgene are _________ and along with smoke and gases can cause _______ disease.

respiratory

Chemicals found in smoke that contribute to COPD: - carbon m_____ - sulfur di_____ - hy_____ chloride - phosgene - nit_____ oxides - aldehydes - particulates

- monoxide - dioxide - hydrogen - nitrogen

When working around paints, thinners, cleaners, dust or particulates, or at medical emergencies, always choose the level of respiratory _______ that is appropriate.

protection

Dermal contamination and inhalation injury are increased due to toxic _____, v_____ and part______ matter.

- gases - vapors - particulate

``` Manufactured products in modern times = amount and variety of _______at fires much greater than traditional times. A. substances B. adhesives C. contaminants D. all of the above ```

C. contaminants

So modern manufactured products tend to burn at lower or higher temperatures?

higher

As temperature _________ (increases/decreases?) so does the skin's ability to absorb chemicals deposited on it.

increase

Increased rates of absorption + Increased amounts of toxic chemicals = more likely to for a FF to be cont_________.

contaminated

``` Absorption rates increase ___ percent for every 5 degrees rise in temperature. A. 200 B. 100 C. 600 D. 500 ```

D. 500

These areas have high _______ rates, groin, jaw, forehead and back. Also on the arms, hands and ankles to a lesser extent.

absorption

``` The highest area of absorption rate is the _______. A. groin B. jaw C. forehead D. back ```

A. groin

Absorption rates increase 400 percent for every 5 degrees rise in temperature. As a result, ff are at a greater risk for these 4 types of cancer: - test______ - pro______ - non-Hod_____ lymphoma - multiple myeloma, a cancer of the bone m______

- testicular - prostate - hodgkin's - marrow

The main causes of the 4 most typical cancers in the fire service are due to carcinogens at _______ and exhaust fumes from the _______.

- fires | - apparatus

``` What program should outline ways to mitigate the risk of cancer? A. physical B. medical C. wellness D. safety ```

C. wellness

Immediate recommendations for preventing or limiting chemical exposures at fires: (6) 1. WHAT should you always wear when working in or around fire damaged structures?

SCBA

Immediate recommendations for preventing or limiting chemical exposures at fires: (6) 2. remain ___wind of fires and smoke plumes and wear SCBA if in smoke plume or around d_______ exhaust

- upwind | - diesel

Immediate recommendations for preventing or limiting chemical exposures at fires: (6) 3. doff contaminated gear _______ (before/after?) entering the rehab area

before

Immediate recommendations for preventing or limiting chemical exposures at fires: (6) 4. ___ (do/do not?) wear OR store contaminated gear in the apparatus cab, in a personal vehicle or in station home living areas

DO NOT

Immediate recommendations for preventing or limiting chemical exposures at fires: (6) 5. decontaminate and/or launder turnouts, fire h_____ and other equipment that readily contacts the s_____ after each fire response.

- hood | - skin

Immediate recommendations for preventing or limiting chemical exposures at fires: (6) 6. wash h____ and n_____ skin immediately after the fire and shower as soon as possible

- hands | - neck

``` What programs are in part intended to help combat obesity by encouraging a healthy diet and mandating regular exercise to pass fit-for-duty evaluations? A. physical B. medical C. wellness D. safety ```

C. wellness

What puts a person at risk for type diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension and some forms of cancer (breast, colorectal, endometrial and kindey?)

obesity

What NFPA standard also requires infection and exposure control programs?

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

Exposures to infectious diseases, chemicals, the products of combustion or engine exhaust (and others) can have acute OR chronic health consequences for ff?

BOTH acute and chronic

``` What kind of program is put in place to limit exposures, document any exposures that do occur and provide access to the correct treatment options? A. physical B. exposure control C. wellness D. safety ```

B. exposure control

Should you limit unnecessary physical contact to protect yourself from medical patients with AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, MRSA, C-diff and many other communicable diseases? YES or NO

YES

Should you maintain the recommended separation distance to protect yourself from medical patients with AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, MRSA, C-diff and many other communicable diseases? YES or NO

YES

Should you always wear appropriate protective clothing and equipment to protect yourself from medical patients with AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, MRSA, C-diff and many other communicable diseases? YES or NO

YES

Should you always us body substance isolation (BSI) methods to treat all patients to protect yourself from medical patients with AIDS, hepatitis, tuberculosis, MRSA, C-diff and many other communicable diseases? YES or NO

YES

Should you assume that all patients are infected by something and use BSI methods every time or just some of the time?

YES and all the time

Some departments provide WHAT against some diseases, such as hepatitis?

vaccinations

What is a MAP?

member assistance program

What NFPA standard includes member assistance programs (MAP) for ff and their families as a part of the overall Behavioral Health and Wellness Program required?

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

Are the services that a member assistance program (MAP) provides easily accessible, and confidential and used for personal problems that can effect job performance?

YES YES AND YES

Education, counciling and referrals to professionals are given under MAP for concerns such as: - sub______ abuse - to____ use - personal p_______ - stress - dep_______ - anx________ - marital p_______ - fin______ problems

- substance - tobacco - personal - depression - anxiety - problems - financial

Using MAP services can help ff maintain a healthy lifestyle and remain fit-__-____.

fit-for-duty

Consuming drugs and alcohol can slow reaction ____ and impair _______. These substances do not mix with fire fighting.

- times | - judgement

Do some departments require that probationary ff not use tobacco products and offer cessation programs? YES or NO

YES

Do some dept. prohibit candidates from using alcohol? YES or NO

YES

``` ________ stress is a contributing factor to stress-induced hypertension, one type of cardiovascular disease. A. occupational B. personal C. physical D. cognitive ```

A. occupational

``` Occupational stress is a contributing factor to stress-induced hypertension, one type of cardiovascular disease. It can _________ over time and take years to develop. A. show B. accumulate C. shed D. reverse ```

B. accumulate

``` Relaxing, having a positive mental attitude and staying in good physical condition can mitigate the effects of......... A. overwork B. smoking C. stress D. personal problems ```

C. stress

``` Relaxing, having a positive mental attitude and staying in good physical condition can mitigate the effects of stress.....or a personal stress _________ program can help. A. workout B. doctor C. massage D. management ```

D. management

Signs of PTSD, but not limited to: - sub______ abuse - disc_______ with the world around them - trouble sl______ - irr_______ - lack of conc________ - hypersensitivity to sti_____ - disproportionate reaction to everyday ev_____ - tun_____ vision

- substance - disconnection - sleeping - irritability - concentration - stimuli - events - tunnel

Historically, WHAT method would be used in dealing with atypically stressful events? A. personal stress management B. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) C. MAP D. none of the above

B. Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM)

Historically, Critical Incident Stress Management (CISM) method would be used in dealing with atypically stressful events and would conduct a WHAT shortly after the event to have counselors come speak with personnel and encourage them as a group to speak about their experiences. A.(CISD) Critical Incident Stress Debriefing B. workout C. short survey D. personal into group chat session

A.(CISD) Critical Incident Stress Debriefing

Recent research referenced WHERE has reveled that CISD Critical Incident Stress Debriefing is NOT as effective as once thought and may have actually made situations worse.

NFPA

Recent research referenced WHERE has reveled that CISD Critical Incident Stress Debriefing is NOT as effective as once thought and may have actually made situations worse. What is recommended now of officers and supervisors?

monitor personnel for PTSD signs

When officers and supervisors are monitoring personnel after incidents for PSTD, what should they do if they identify any signs?

reach out confidentially with resources

Wear all PPE with closures fastened only when needed. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - always

What can provide a secondary layer of eye protection?

helmets facesheild

Should you wear the same PPE for every incident? YES or NO

NO - use appropriate type for incident and activity

PPE USUALLY consists of: - res_____ protection equipment - PASS - ____ _____ _____ _____ - helmets, coats, trousers, boots, protective gloves/hood - eye p_______ - hearing p________

- respiratory - personal alert safety system - protection - protection

Some emergency situations only require protective clothing such as: (no respiratory protection) - stations and w______ uniforms - struc______ fire fighting protective clothing - wild_____ fire fighting protective clothing - roadway op_______ protective clothing - emergency me_____ protective clothing - special protective clothing such as ch_____ protective clothing

- work - structural - wildland - operations - medical - chemical

Are driver/operators usually operating in the hot zone or IDLH atmosphere/ YES or NO

``` If required to wear SCBA and be prepared for fireground operations beyond pump and aerial operations, the driver/operator should have additional training from WHOM? A. officer B. training staff C. AHJ D. another book ```

C. AHJ

Station and work uniforms perform 2 basic functions: 1. _______ the wearer as a member of the organization 2. layer of protection against direct ______ contact

- identifies | - flame

What should a ff not wear under PPE because these materials can melt when heated and stick to skin, causing serious burns? A. underwear B. fire resistant clothing C. t-shirts D. non-fire-resistant synthetic materials

D. non-fire-resistant synthetic materials

Nylon, polyester, iron-on patches and transfer decals are all WHAT and should not be worn under PPE. A. underwear B. fire resistant clothing C. t-shirts D. non-fire-resistant synthetic materials

D. non-fire-resistant synthetic materials

``` Refer to department _____ concerning what can and cannot be worn while on duty or under PPE. A. procedures B. policies C. chiefs D. officers ```

B. policies

All station and work uniforms should meet this NFPA standard.

NFPA 1975, Standard for Emergency Services Work Clothing Elements

Are underwear included in NFPA 1975, Standard for Emergency Services Work Clothing Elements? YES or NO

Minimum requirements for work wear that is functional, will not contribute to ff injury and will not reduce the effectiveness of outer PPE is addressed in what NFPA standard?

NFPA 1975, Standard for Emergency Services Work Clothing Elements

Trousers, shirts, jackets and coveralls (but not underwear) are all addressed in this standard from NFPA.

NFPA 1975, Standard for Emergency Services Work Clothing Elements

NFPA 1975 compliant garments have a permanently attached ______ stating their compliance certification. (but is not designed for fire fighting ops, just fire resistance)

label

Are some station and work uniforms dual certified as both work uniforms and wildland protective clothing? How will you know? YES or NO

YES - certified label

What usually have steel toes, puncture resistant soles and or special inserts?

safety shoes or boots

ALWAYS wear station footwear during emergency operations because they might contaminate living quarters with potential hazardous substances. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE, NEVER

Should you take your uniform home and wash them or to a laundromat? WHY OR WHY NOT

NO - might have contamination

All PPE designed for structural and proximity fire fighting must meet NFPA standard......

NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting

NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting, requires that all PPE components must have a permanent _____ showing compliance with the standard.

label

PPE components must be compatible with each other to provide the level of intended protection by NFPA standard......

NFPA 1971, Standard on Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting

Does each PPE component have a specific design to protect you from specific hazards? YES or NO

YES so dont use them for the wrong purpose

Should you ever alter your PPE? YES or NO Why or Why not?

NO - adding or removing components can endanger your life, void manufactures warranty and/or effect your work comp benefits.

Should you remove the moisture barrier or liner of your coat or trousers, sew hooks, loops or clasps to the outer shell or add combustible decals to the helmet of your PPE? YES or NO

NO - adding or removing components can endanger your life, void manufactures warranty and/or effect your work comp benefits.

When you are reaching, bending or moving, structural fire fighting PPE should cover all parts of what?

your skin

Structural fire fighting PPE is designed to prevent ____ transfer from the fire to your body. (the clothing absorbs the heat first)

heat

``` The usual temperature limit to structural fire fighting PPE is somewhere around ____° F. A. 100 B. 200 C. 400 D. 1000 ```

C. 400

``` The time until the protective clothing reaches a dangerous absorption limit varies based upon the heat _______ rate. A. absorption B. temperature C. penetration D. transfer ```

D. transfer

Since protective clothing absorbs and STORES heat, it can take shorter times than expected to cool. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - longer times

If you do not follow rehab protocals, and you do not let your PPE cool down long enough, you may experience contact _____ or _____ stress.

- burns | - heat

Does protective clothing prevent heat from being transferred away from your body? YES or NO

YES

Your PPE may trap body heat and moisture inside the clothing barriers because you usually shed this heat by doing WHAT naturally?

sweating

Your PPE may trap body heat and moisture inside the clothing barriers causing increases to: - breathing and _____ rate - skin t_______ - core t_______ - phy________ stress

- heart - temperatures - temperatures - physiological

``` To cool down your body, open your protective clothing to permit air flow around your body if what conditions allow? A. environmental B. fire C. weather C. all of the above ```

A. environmental

``` One of the primary concerns for ff is _____ protection. A. heat B. head C. fall D. eye ```

B. head

Helmet benefits during structural fire fighting: - prevent heated/scalding _____ or embers from reaching your ears and n____ - protects head from impact injuries caused by objects or f_____ - provides protection from heat AND c____

- water - neck - falls - cold

What can help identify personnel?

helmets

``` Helmets can help identify personnel: -shell color = r______ -markings = u____ -removable id labels = accou________ (based on dept. _ _ _s) ```

- rank - unit - accountabiltiy - SOPs

Should you fold the ear flaps down on your helmet, even if you are wearing a hood? YES or NO

YES

``` A helmet may show the individuals /fire departments name on the ..... A. front B. back C. side D. under the rear edge of helmet ```

A. front

``` A helmet may show the ff rank OR unit on the..... A. front B. back C. side D. under the rear edge of helmet ```

C. side

``` A helmet may show the ff nickname on the.... A. front B. back C. side D. under the rear edge of helmet ```

B. back

``` A helmet may show hold the accountability tags..... A. front B. back C. side D. under the rear edge of helmet ```

D. under the rear edge of helmet

``` What are some of the most common injuries at emergency incidents, but are not always reported because they are not always debilitating? A. face B. back C. cuts D. eye ```

D. eye

Are eye injuries fairly hard to prevent? YES or NO

NO - easy

Eye protection forms: - SCBA f_______ - g_______ - safety g_______

- facepiece - goggles - glasses

Helmets can have faceshields or goggles and provide adequate protection from flying particals and splashes and DO NOT have to be used in combo with a primary form of eye protection. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - they are not adequate and need to be used as a secondary device

where protection from chemical splashes and flying particles are necessary, what NFPA standard requires that goggles or other appropriate PRIMARY eye protection be worn?

NFPA 1500, Standard on Fire Department Occupational Safety and Health Program

During ff operations, what is your primary eye protection?

SCBA facepiece

Times when you need eye protection but NOT respiratory protection: - EMS where exposure to ____ fluids is possible - vehicle ex_____ operations - ind______ occupancy inspections - station main_________

- bodily - extrication - industrial - mainenance

What must have frames and lenses that meet ANSI OR CSA standards for safety?

prescription safety glasses

Follow department's safety policies and ______ regarding appropriate eye protection.

procedures

_____ frames on prescription glasses can transfer heat to skin even when they are covered by safety glasses.

metal

What protective fire-resistant fabric covering protects your ears, neck and face from heat, embers and debris?

hood

Hoods can have long or short skirts and are designed to fit inside your WHAT to form a continuous layer of protection?

jacket

Secure what first for a secure seal, the facepiece of the hood?

facepiece

What NFPA standard requires that all structural fire fighting protective coats be made with three components?

NFPA 1971

``` What components do structural fire fighting protective coats need according to NFPA 1971? A. outer shell B. moisture barrier C. thermal barrier D. all of the above ```

D. all of the above

The protective barriers of structural fire fighting protective coats provide limited protection from: - direct _____ contact - h__ water - st____ - c____ temperatures - other env_______ hazards

- flame - hot - steam - cold - environmental

Structural fire fighting protective coats have design features that provide protection and convenience and are required by what NFPA standard?

NFPA 1971

Structural fire fighting protective coats have design features that provide protection and convenience and are required by NFPA 1971: - retroreflective t______ - wri_______ - col______ - closure sy______ - d____ rescue device (DRD)

- trim - wristlets - collar - system - drag

``` What are strips of reflective trim on the torso and sleeves that make the structural fire fighting protective coats more visible at night or in low light conditions? (NFPA 1971) A. retroreflective trim B. strips of light reflective tape C. both A and C D. none of the above ```

A. retroreflective trim

``` What are fabric interface between the sleeve's end and a ff's palm that protects the wrist from water, embers, and other debris and keeps the coat sleeves from riding up when reaching? (NFPA 1971) A. closure system B. wristlets C. sleeve collar D. arm and wrist enclosure ```

B. wristlets

``` What protects the neck from water, embers and other debris and must be turned up under the helmet ear flap? (NFPA 1971) A. closure system B. wristlets C. collar D. arm and wrist enclosure ```

C. collar

``` What device is a harness and hand loop at the back of the neck that enables a rescuer to grab and drag a downed firefighter from his structural fire fighting protective coat? (NFPA 1971) A. Pulling Rescue Device (PRD) B. Safety Rescue Device (SRD) C. Drag Rescue Device (DRD) D. none of the above ```

C. Drag Rescue Device (DRD)

``` Structural fire fighting protective coats contain _______ in high compression areas such as the shoulders and areas prone to wear, such as the elbows. (SAME AS TROUSERS) A. padding B. extra fabric C. holes D. reinforcement ```

D. reinforcement

Structural fire fighting protective coats can have cargo, radio or SCBA facepiece pockets, but must be attached by WHO and meet NFPA standards?

manufacturers

Are protective coats and trousers made with the same fabric, moisture barriers and thermal layering as a protective coat? YES or NO

YES

Heavy duty WHAT hold up the trousers?

suspenders

Cargo and patch pockets may be attached to trousers to carry gloves or small tools but must be attached by WHO and meet NFPA standards?

manufacturer

Are closure systems on protective trousers the same as protective coats? YES or NO

YES

What NFPA standard requires retroreflective trim on protective trousers?

NFPA 1971

What protective equipment protects hands and wrists from heat, steam and cold penetrations and resists cuts, punctures, and liquid absorption?

gloves

What must allow enough dexterity and tactile feel fro you to perform your job effectively?

protective gloves

``` If properly worn, the protective glove covers the ______of the protective coat to form a complete seal. A. closure system B. wristlets C. sleeve collar D. arm and wrist enclosure ```

B. wristlet

``` Gloves worn for structural fire fighting must be ______ compliant for this type of activity. A. IFSTA B. department C. officer D. NFPA ```

D. NFPA

What protects the foot, ankle and lower leg and should meet NFPA 1971 requirements?

fire fighting boots

Fire fighting boots should protect the foot, ankle and leg from: - pun_____ wounds to the sole caused by nails, glass and other sharp o_____ - crushing wounds to the t___ and instep - scalding ____ or contaminated liquids - burns from embers or d_____

- puncture - objects - toes - water - debris

What has a steel inner sole and a steel or reinforced to cap and must be high enough to protect the lower leg?

fire fighting boots

``` The outer shell of a fire fighting boot may be _______, leather or other water resistant material. A. rubber B. plastic C. nylon D. Either A or C ```

A. rubber

``` Thermal, physical and moisture barriers are required inside WHERE n a fire fighting boot? A. toe B. upper portion C. shell D. ankle rest ```

C. shell

Boot tops fit inside WHERE providing a complete barrier even when you kneel?

trouser legs

What NFPA standard requires hearing protection?

NFPA 1500

Eliminating or reducing noise is the best solution for depts to protect ff hearing, but sometimes it is not possible. TRUE or FALS

TRUE

Eliminating or reducing noise is the best solution for depts to protect ff hearing, but sometimes it is not possible. What should they provide for FF for this WHILE establish a hearing conservation plan.

hearing protection

``` What is the legal noise exposure level in the US? A. 100 decibels B. 20 decibels C. 90 decibels D. 30 decibels ```

C. 90 decibels

What should FF use in an apparatus where noise exceeds legal noise exposure levels? (90 decibels)

hearing protection

Where are intercom/ear protection systems most effective for hearing protection where noise exceeds legal noise exposure levels (90 decibels)?

apparatus

``` What allows crews to communicate with eachother or monitor radio communication (while also providing hearing protection?) A. radios B. microphones C. yelling really loudly D. intercom/ear protection systems ```

D. intercom/ear protection systems

You MUST wear hearing protection when operating: - power _____ - gen_______ - apparatus p_____ - _ _ _ _ device tests

- power tools - generators - apparatus pumps - PASS device tests

What would be dangerous to use during structural fire fighting and prevents communication with ff, hearing radio transmission, hearing changes in fire behavior or hearing calls from trapped victims?

hearing protection

The best protection for emergency operations along roadways is to be v_____ by motorists and to work behind a b_______ formed by the apparatus.

- visible | - barrier

``` Who requires all personnel at roadway incidents to wear high-visibility vests? A. DOT B. IFSTA C. NFPA D. AHJ ```

A. DOT

``` DOT requires all personnel at roadway incidents to wear high-visibility vests and at a minimum they must be rated ANSI ___, Class 2 or 3 (or ANSI 207). A. 100 B. 107 C. 120 D. 170 ```

B. 107

``` DOT requires all personnel at roadway incidents to wear high-visibility vests and at a minimum they must be rated ANSI 107, Class 2 or 3 (or ANSI 207). They must have reflective trim and ______-point breakaway fastners at the shoulders, side, and waist to meet ______ safety standards. A. six, NFPA B. three, IFSTA C. five, NFPA D. two, DOT ```

C. five, NFPA

Does reflective trim on structural PPE have enough visibility to meet the standards of NFPA? YES or NO

Should you wear a vest over your structural gear when fighting a fire or doing hazardous material control? YES or NO

What is created to provide a barrier between you and your work environment, and primary for injury and illness?

PPE

What can the PPE barrier do to you by isolating you and making you unaware of important environmental changes (regarding your own safety?)

make you overconfident

If your PPE and/or SCBA are damaged during fire fighting ops, you should _______ the structure.

evacuate

Burns are a result of t____ and t________.

time and temperature

``` First degree burns start when skin temps reach _____°F. A. 100 B. 95 C. 98 D. 118 ```

D. 118

``` Second-degree burns start when skin temps reach _____°F. A. 131 B. 120 C. 153 D. 95 ```

A. 131

``` Third-degree burns start when skin temps reach _____°F. A. 151 B. 152 C. 163 C. 102 ```

B. 152

``` ________ contamination will reduce the fire resistance of your PPE. A. oxygen B. dirt C. hydrocarbons D. all of the above ```

C. hydrocarbons

Chemicals, oils and petroleum products in or on the outer shell of your PPE can _____ when exposed to fire.

ignite

Some contaminants can reduce the effectiveness of retroreflective trim and soot can obscure its visibility on PPE. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

Hydrocarbons, body fluid and toxins that contaminate PPE can be inh______, ing_______ or ab______, causing serious and sometimes fatal illenss.

- inhaled - ingested - absorbed

You can find procedures for the care of your PPE in your departments _ _ _s, the m______ instructions and NFPA 1851, Standard for Selection, Care and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting.

- SOPs | - manufacturers

Should you frequently or infrequently inspect your PPE?

frequently

You should inspect your PPE: - at the start of your w_______ shift - after every u_____ - after w______, repair or dec________ - on a periodic basis, such as w____ or m_____

- work - use - washing - decontamination - weekly - monthly

``` People in the dept. that are trained in advanced inspection requirements of PPE, such as dept. Health and Safety officer (HSO), should perform an _______ inspection. A. daily B. weekly C. monthly D. annually ```

D. annually

The amount and type of contamination and whether or not the equipment must be removed from service determines the type of ______ for PPE.

cleaning

Routine, advanced, specialized and contract are all types of cleaning for PPE that is defined by NFPA ______.

1851, Standard on Election, Care, and Maintenance of Protective Ensembles for Structural Fire Fighting and Proximity Fire Fighting

``` Who recommends that each ff be issued 2 sets of structural fire fighting PPE? A. DOT B. IFSTA C. NFPA D. AHJ ```

C. NFPA

``` Wearing what type of PPE is a preventative measure against the risk of cancer later in life? A. uncontaminated B. heavy C. layered D. colorful ```

A. uncontaminated

``` What type of cleaning of PPE does not require the clothing be removed from service? A. advanced B. specialized C. contract D. routine ```

D. routine

At an incident scene, the process for _______ cleaning includes: -brushing off loose debris with a broom or soft bristle brush -using a gentle spray of water to rinse off debris and soil The process at the fire house: -remove heavy soil in a utility room designated for cleaning A. advanced B. specialized C. contract D. routine

D. routine

``` If you are at the fire house or on scene, always follow WHO's recommendations for cleaning PPE and wear appropriate gloves and eye protection. A. manufacturer's B. IFSTA C. NFPA D. AHJ ```

A. manufacturer's

``` Personnel trained in the care and cleaning of protective clothing should perform THIS type of cleaning: A. advanced B. specialized C. contract D. routine ```

A. advanced

``` The personnel doing THIS type of cleaning should use a washing machine dedicated to cleaning protective clothing that is designed to handle heavy loads. A. advanced B. specialized C. contract D. routine ```

A. advanced

``` What type of cleaning is needed when PPE is contaminated with hazardous materials or body fluids that cannot be removed by routine or advanced cleaning? A. advanced B. specialized C. contract D. routine ```

B. specialized

``` Trained dept. members or an outside contractor may perform THIS type of cleaing on PPE? A. advanced B. specialized C. contract D. routine ```

B. specialized

``` This type of PPE cleaning typically removes accumulated grime or contaminants. A. advanced B. specialized C. contract D. routine ```

C. contract

``` Contractors who perform THIS type of "specialized" cleaning may include the manufacture, the manufacturer's representative or a certified vendor. A. advanced B. specialized C. contract D. routine ```

C. contract

Some contract cleaners provide WHAT while PPE is being cleaned?

replacement set

Should PPE be stored where it can come in contact with vehicle exhaust? YES or NO

``` If you store your PPE in your personal vehicle, it should be placed in a closable garment bag to protect it from WHAT degradation? A. water B. sun C. air D. exhaust ```

B. sun

``` Who must remove damaged protective clothing IMMEDIATELY? A. manufacturer B. approved repair facility C. trained department member D. all of the above ```

D. all of the above

PPE that is damaged beyond repair must be removed from service and..........

destroyed

You must maintain ______ awareness throughout an entire operation.

situational

``` WHAT means recognizing and remaining mindful of identified hazards as well as remaining observant about changing conditions on the fireground and evaluating the changes you see against the safety of what you are doing? A. situational awareness B. size up C. work habits D. scene safety ```

A. situational awareness

A large part of situational awareness is to c__________ what you see to your immediate supervisor, crew leader, company officer or IC.

communicate

Could new information that you communicate to your mmediate supervisor, crew leader, company officer or IC when using SITUATIONAL AWARENESS change their orders and strategies during an incident? YES or NO

YES

``` Response to an emergency begins the moment you are ________ the emergency. A. driving to B. notified of C. stepping onto the fireground of D. getting of the apparatus to ```

B. notified of

When exiting a vehicle, what presents a serious trip or fall hazard?

exiting face first

Drivers and passengers should mount and dismount the apparatus on the side of the vehicle that IS or IS NOT exposed to oncoming traffic?

IS NOT

If you are on the side of the rig that is exposed to traffic and you must exit, b_____ opening the door keep watch for o_____ vehicles, and w____ for a break in traffic before exiting.

- before - oncoming - wait

There are numerous hazards for ff riding in an apparatus: - excessive _____ levels that may damage hearing - l_______ equipment that might strike the ff - dangers of f___ inside the apparatus if not seated/belted - danger of i_____ during vehicle accidents

- noise - loose - fall - injury

ALWAYS stand on or in a moving apparatus. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE, nerver

Follow your organizations SOPs as well as the requirements listed in NFPA _____ for riding in an apparatus.

1500

NFPA 1500 prohibits THIS about helmets and cabs?

cannot wear them in enclosed cabs

Guidelines for safely riding in OR on an apparatus: - ALWAYS be s______ and securely b_____ before the apparatus moves - ALWAYS wear h_____ protection or radio headsets - S______ all loose equipment - close c__ doors securely - on unenclosed apparatus, close the safety g_____ or bars securely

- seated - belted - hearing - secure - cab - gate

Response safety includes: - mounting and _______ apparatus - response h_____ for passengers - safe practices when r____ the apparatus

- dismounting - hazard - riding

``` your safety depends on being able to understand what is going on around you and recognize potential threats which makes THIS critical at the scene. A. situational awareness B. size up C. work habits D. scene safety ```

A. situational awareness

``` What VITAL skill must you TRAIN your self to develop? A. situational awareness B. size up C. work habits D. scene safety ```

A. situational awareness

``` Emergency responders typically secure an incident scene by establishing _______ zones. A. circle B. work C. control D. ordered ```

C. control

``` What zone is where trained personnel work to resolve the problem at the scene? A. cold B. warm C. green D. hot ```

D. hot

``` What zone are only personnel who are directly invovlved in mitigating the incident are allowed to enter, which limits crowds and confusion at the most critical area of the scene? A. cold B. warm C. green D. hot ```

D. hot

Personnel in the HOT zone must wear full PPE, any type. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - PPE appropriate for the hazard

``` What zone do personnel directly support the personnel working in the hot zone as immediately outside the hot zone? A. cold B. warm C. green D. yellow ```

B. warm

Could a driver/operator work in the WARM zone depending upon apparatus placement at the scene? YES or NO

YES

Are the personnel in the warm zone in full protective clothing and equipment? WHY or WHY not?

YES in case they are needed in the red zone

``` What zone could include the Incident Command Post (ICP), locations of rapid intervention crews (RICs), the location of the public information officer (PIO), rehabilitation area and staging areas for personnel and portable equipment? A. cold B. warm C. green D. hot ```

A. cold

``` The outer boundary for this ZONE is the control line for the general public (crowd-control line). A. cold B. warm C. green D. hot ```

A. cold

Structural fire scene safety includes: - scene sec________ - env_______ conditions

- security | - enviromental

The e______ conditions at a structure fire scene can affect your PERFORMANCE.

-enviormental

``` Temp extremes, heavy rains, winds, and lighting will influence your operations and the _______ of your ability to perform your assigned task. A. types B. quickness C. slowness D. duration ```

D. duration

Never worry about your situational awareness of the environmental conditions and the effect they are causing. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - must always

To ensure your safety at motor vehicle fires and accidents, you must be v______, work within a pro_______ area, and exercises s_______ awareness.

- visible - protected - situational

Emergency warning lights help provide effective traffic control but are not good in helping to ensure the safety of responders, victims and drivers approaching during early stages of the incident. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - help ensure safety but not good for traffic control

When are emergency vehicle warning lights the most confusing to civilian motorists?

in the evening

On highway/roadway scenes, some SOPs limit emergency lights and require: - turn off all ________ (rear/forward?) facing lights, including headlights - ________ (minimize/maximize?) flashing lights on the vehicle's sides and rear - turn ____ (on/off?) lights that face approaching traffic, to avoid blinding or distracting drivers - turn ____ (off/on?) all headlights, unless they are being used to illuminate the work area or warn motorists that the vehicle is in an unexpected location.

- foraward - minimize - off - off

General guidelines for maintaining situational awareness at a roadway incident: - l___ before you move - keep an e__ on moving traffic - walk facing on_____ traffic - follow dept. _ _ _s

- look - eye - oncoming - SOPs

``` Scene ______ during incidents on streets and highways can be critical to prevent ff injuries and fatalities. A. management B. lights C. watching D. all of the above ```

A. management

``` Debris, fuel spills, hydraulic and battery fluid spills and downed high-voltage power lines are all _______ common on highway/roadway incidents. A. problems B. hazards C. scenes D. work areas ```

B. hazards

``` Depending on the voltage and other variables, such as ground _______, ground gradient can extend for several yards from the point of contact. A. soil B. holes C. moisture D. surface ```

C. moisture

``` To avoid the hazard created by down power lines and the outward flow in all directions from the point of contact (ground gradient), estimate the distance between two nearby ________ and stay that distance away from the downed line until you are sure the power is shut off. A. buildings B. cars C. fence posts D. power lines ```

D. power lines

``` A ______ control zone should be established for any incident on or near a highway/roadway. A. traffic B. area C. highway D. accident ```

A. traffic

``` The Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) describes the minimum requirements for establishing _______ control zones. A. traffic B. area C. highway D. accident ```

A. traffic

``` Personnel should coordinate a traffic management system with local _______ to ensure responder safety on highways/roadways. A. utilities B. law enforcement C. government D. city agencies ```

B. law enforcement

Can a traffic control zone have hot, warm and cold zones with in it, depending on the type of hazard present? YES or NO

YES

``` To maintain as much traffic flow as reasonably possible and to ensure an appropriate safe working zone, traffic control should be coordinated with ________. A. utilities B. law enforcement C. government D. city agencies ```

B. law enforcement

Who is responsible to position an apparatus to make a protective barrier on highways and roadways? (2)

driver and officer

``` On highway/roadway incidents, traffic control assistance should be requested from local...... A. utilities B. law enforcement C. government D. city agencies ```

B. law enforcement

What are the most dependable source of water near an incident?

fire hydrant

What provides a constant volume of water under constant pressure?

fire hydrant

Failures OR reduction of water supply volume or pressure from a hydrant can result from: - damaged hydrant v____ and connections - b_____ water mains - greater demand than the system can _____ - hydrants on d____-end water mains - cl_____ isolation valves - rest______ mains - pipes or h_____ that are frozen

- valves - broken - supply - dead - closed - restricted - hydrants

``` Hydrants are a basic ____ used in fire fighting. A. thing B. water supply C. tool D. both A and B ```

C. tool

You must know hydrant types, markings, us, inspections and maintenance because they are a basic tool in rescue. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE - basic tool in fire fighting

``` Who might perform hydrant testing? A. firefighters B. inspectors C. water dept. personnel D. private contractors E. all of the above ```

E. all of the above

``` In general, fire hydrant bonnets, barrels and foot pieces are made of ..... A. steel B. aluminum C. bronze D. cast iron ```

D. cast iron

``` The internal working parts of a hydrant are usually made of..... A. steel B. aluminum C. bronze D. cast iron ```

C. bronze

``` Valve FACINGS of a hydrant may be made of.... A. rubber B. leather C. composite materials D. all of the above ```

D. all of the above

``` The primary type of hydrant used in North America is... A. dry socket barrel B. dry-barrel C. wet-barrel D. both B and C ```

D. both B and C

Regardless of LOCATION, DESIGN, or TYPE, hydrant DISCHARGE outlets are considered standard if they have 1. at least one large outlet (at least 4 to 4½ inch) often called a pumper o____ nozzle or s_____ connection 2. two hose outlet nozzles for ___ -inch couplings

- outlet - steamer - 2½

``` Hydrant specification require a __-inch valve opening for standard three-way hydrants and a 6-inch connection to the water main. A. 4 B. 3 C. 5 D. 8 ```

C. 5

``` Hydrant specification require a 5-inch valve opening for standard three-way hydrants and a __-inch connection to the water main. A. 6 B. 3 C. 5 D. 8 ```

A. 6

The male threads on the hydrant outlets must match _______ hose couplings that the local fire department uses.

female

What NFPA standard sets regulations for the number of threads per inch and outside diameter of the male threads on hydrants?

NFPA 1963, Standard for Fire Hose Connections

``` The main control valve of the dry-barrel hydrant is located at the base or the FOOT of the hydrant below the _________. A. main valve B. frost line C. 2½ male thread D. nut ```

B. frost line

``` The main control valve of the dry-barrel hydrant is located at the base or the FOOT of the hydrant below the frost line and has an isolation valve on the __________ line. A. water main B. barrel C. 2½ inch D. distribution ```

D. distribution

Water is only allowed in a dry-barrel hydrant if the stem ____ is operated.

nut

When the main valve approaches a closed position, the remaining water in a dry-barrel hydrant drains through a small drain valve that opens at the ________ of the hydrant.

bottom

What type of hydrant usually has horizontal compression valves located at each outlet, but could also have another control valve in the top of the hydrant to control the water flow to all outlets? DRY OR WET-BARREL

WET-BARREL

When a hydrant is out of service, the water dept OR the fire dept should take these actions: - place "out-of-_______" tags OR devices on the hydrant - notify fire dept personnel within the r_______ district that it is out-of-service and approximately when it will return to service - notify hydrant rep_____ personnel

- service - response - repair

``` Report dry-barrel hydrants that have bubbling on the ground next to the base of the hydrant when fully OPEN to WHOM to mark it out-of-service? A. fire department B. police C. officer D. water authority ```

D. water authority

Reasons hydrants might be out of service: - d______ to hydrant/water piping system/pump that supports the location - repairs or up___ being performed on the water system - obs_____ placed within the hydrant - a f_______ hydrant during extreme cold temps

- damage - upgrades - obstructions - frozen

``` The hydrant wrench as a _____ opening in its head that fits most standard fire hydrant operating nuts. A. pentagonal B. square C. round D. triangel ```

A. pentagonal

The head an handle may be a ratchet type OR the lever handle may be threaded into the operating head to make it adjustable. What am I?

hydrant wrench

The head of the hydrant wrench might be equipped with a _____ to help make or break coupling connections.

spanner

What can you use to tighten or loosen hose couplings? (not a spanner)

rubber mallet

``` Striking the lug with a ________ makes it easier for ff to achieve an airtight connection on couplings. A. spanner B. rubber mallet C. hammer D. hydrant wrench ```

B. rubber mallet

Turning a screw-type handle lowers the baffle of the _______ into the path of the water. ______ controls the flow from the hydrant.

-gate valve

A hydrant valve has 4 main functions: - allow a_____ hoselines to be laid to the hydrant - connect a s_____ pumper to the hydrant - b____ the pressure in the original supply line without interrupting the flow of water in the line - allow the original supply line to be connected to the hydrant and ch_____ before the arrival of another pumper at the hydrant

- addition - supply - boost - charge

Extend, replace and prevent charging a hose bed. What is being used?

hose clamp

Screw-down, press-down, hydraulic press and wildland are the 4 types of what?

hose clamps

Wildland hose clamps are for ______ (large/small?) hose diameters used in wildland.

small

Can a hose clamp injure a ff or damage hose if applied incorrectly? YES or NO

YES

How far back should you place a hose clamp from the apparatus?

20 ft

Apply a hose clamp approximately 5 feet from the coupling on the apparatus side. TRUE or FALSE

FALSE on the supply side

``` To avoid pinching the hose with a hose clamp, ______ the hose evenly in the jaws. A. push B. center C. work D. move ```

B. center

When applying or releasing any type of hose clamp, stand where because the handle or frame can snap open suddenly?

to one side

According to NFPA, hydrants should be operated AND inspected how often to verify reliable function and need for repair.

annually

You must know how to operate hydrants to: - provide _____ through hoses for fire suppression - flow water from hydrant d_____ openings to flush sediment - perform periodic in______ - ensure proper operation of v____ and caps - assit in fl____ tests

- water - discharge - inspections - flow

Closing a hydrant too fast may cause a surge in pressure (________) within the water supply system.

water hammer

Can water heaters in adjacent residences be damaged by water hammer? YES or NO

YES

When the stem nut is turned counterclockwise on a dry-barrel hydrant, the main valve moves _______ (down/up?) and allows water to flow into the hydrant.

down

When the stem nut is turned counterclockwise on a dry-barrel hydrant, the main valve moves down and allows water to flow into the hydrant. As the main valve moves down, a drain valve PLATE attached to the stem ________ (opens/closes?) a drain hole located near the bottom of the hydrant, but allows ________ (air/water?) to flow past it into the hydrant barrel.

- closes | - water

``` What can be left open on a dry-barrel hydrant that can erode the soil around the base of the hydrant, overtime destroying the hydrants support and causes leaking? (if the hydrant is not opened fully) A. hydrant itself B. backflow C. drain D. none of the above ```

C. drain

To test and see if the water in a dry-barrel hydrant is draining: 1. turn the stem nut ________ (clockwise, counterclockwise?) until resistance is felt, then turn it a quarter turn counterclockwise. 2. cap all d_____ except 1 3. place the p_____ of one hand over the open discharge

1. clockwise 2. discharge 3. palm

To test and see if the water in a dry-barrel hydrant is draining: 1. turn the stem nut clockwise until resistance is felt, then turn it a quarter turn counterclockwise. 2. cap all discharge except 1 3. place the palm of one hand over the open discharge IF a slight vacuum is felt pulling the palm toward the discharge, the hydrant IS or IS NOT draining?

To test and see if the water in a dry-barrel hydrant is draining: 1. turn the stem nut clockwise until resistance is felt, then turn it a quarter turn counterclockwise. 2. cap all discharge except 1 3. place the palm of one hand over the open discharge IF a slight vacuum IS NOT felt pulling the palm toward the discharge, the hydrant IS or IS NOT draining? What should you do first?

NOT - start test again

To test and see if the water in a dry-barrel hydrant is draining: 1. turn the stem nut clockwise until resistance is felt, then turn it a quarter turn counterclockwise. 2. cap all discharge except 1 3. place the palm of one hand over the open discharge IF a slight vacuum IS NOT felt pulling the palm toward the discharge, the hydrant IS or IS NOT draining? What should you do if you test a second time and it still has no vacuum?

IS NOT - notify water authority

To test and see if the water in a dry-barrel hydrant is draining: 1. turn the stem nut clockwise until resistance is felt, then turn it a quarter turn counterclockwise. 2. cap all discharge except 1 3. place the palm of one hand over the open discharge IF a slight vacuum IS NOT felt pulling the palm toward the discharge, and it is WINTER, the hydrant must be p________ until e_______ to prevent the water from freezing int he barrel before the hydrant is repaird or replaced.

- pumped | - empty

What NFPA standard requires a driver/operator to be able to understand AND perform either role (driver or firefighter) to create a forward lay and a reverse lay?

NFPA 1002

The primary advantage of a forward lay is that a pumper can remain at the incident scene so its hose, equipment and tools are readily available if needed. TRUE or FALSE

TRUE

The primary advantage of a forward lay is that a pumper can remain at the incident scene so its hose, equipment and tools are readily available if needed. What can the driver see and better react to changes?

the fire suppresion

``` Local SOPs and ______ dictate the method used for connecting the fire hose to the hydrant in a forward hose lay operation. A. policies B. NFPA C. position D. resources ```

D. resources

Will the 4-way hydrant sometimes be preconnected to hose OR in a bag stored near the finished section? YES or NO

YES

To ensure that water arrives quickly at the pump intake, some form of WHAT needs to be done between the driver and ff at the hydrant in a forward lay?

communication

If you don't have a radio when making a forward lay and the ff at the hydrant needs to communicate with the driver, what means should be practiced? (2)

audible signals, visual signals

At a minimum, drivers and ff at the hydrant during a forward lay should establish a time for opening the hydrant to be sure that water arrives before THIS happens.

tank is empty

The hydrant catcher can place a foot on the hoseline AND against the ________ to further anchor the hose when catching the plug.

hydrant

What would you use for a forward lay if a LONG length of 2½ or 3 inch hose is laid OR if the hydrant has inadequate flow pressure?

four-way hydrant valve

When using 2½ and 3 inch hosline as a supply line, laying hose from the incident to the water source or laying hose from the water source to the incident has become a standard method for establishing a relay pumping operation?

laying hose from the incident to the water source

The _______ (reverse/forward?) lay most directly supplements hydrant pressure and establishes drafting operations.

reverse

If the second pumper has to disconnect from the supply hose and leave the hose connected to the hydrant, can you use a four-way hydrant valve when reverse-laying? YES or NO

YES, optional (if water demands diminish)

Using a four-way valve in a reverse lay OR a forward lay allows a pumper to switch from pump pressure to hydrant pressure without __________.

interruption

When the first arriving pumper must work alone for an extended period of time, what lay is used?

reverse

When the first arriving pumper must work alone for an extended period of time, a forward lay allows the hose laid in reverse to become an _________.

attack line

``` When the first arriving pumper must work alone for an extended period of time, a forward lay allows the hose laid in reverse to become an attack line. It is often connected to a reducing ___ so that two smaller hoses can be used to make a two-directional attack on a fire. A. siamese B. wye C. 3rd hose D. supply line ```

B. wye

Frequently, who will help driver/operators in making hydrant connections following a reverse lay?

a fire fighter