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Pumping and Aerial > Chapter 7 - Theoretical Pressure Calculations > Flashcards

Chapter 7 - Theoretical Pressure Calculations Flashcards

1
Q

Who (2) might be responsible for development of standard operating procedures and preincident plans for their primary response district?

A
  • driver/operator

- company officer

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2
Q

If a new building is being built, why would a driver/operator employ theoretical pressure calculations using standard formulas?

A

to determine how to meet the requirements of the SOP for new buildings

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3
Q

After correct pressures have been determined for high rise standpipe water systems and supplying water to an FDC, what should a driver do with the information? (2)

A
  • recorded in the preincident plans

- posted on a sign next to the FDC for quick reference

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4
Q

In order to accomplish the primary function of a driver/operator on the fireground of providing water attack crews in sufficient volume and pressure to achieve control and extinguish fires, an understanding of WHAT about fire stream development is required?

A

theoretical aspects

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5
Q

TRUE or FALSE. Drivers on the fireground always perform the theoretical calculations in chapter 7.

A

FALSE

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6
Q

You should have the ability to calculate ______ _____ ____ because understanding the factors that influence flow rates provides: 1. a better understanding for the basis of methods used in chpt. 9, Fire Pump Theory, 2. to predetermine APPROXIMATE ____ discharge pressures for pre connected hoselines and common hose lays in your district and 3. the skill to conduct _______ planning of hose deployment at target hazards or unusual occupancies in the jurisdiction.

A
  • theoretical friction lose
  • pump
  • preincident
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7
Q 
Knowing the amount of friction loss in the fire hose and the pressure loss or gain due to elevation helps the driver/operator effectively....
A. drive to incidents safely
B. keep ff safe
C. provide water for fire streams
D. keep up with other driver/operators
A

C. provide water for fire streams

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8
Q

Friction loss is caused by a number of factors including the condition of the _____ and couplings as well as any ____ in the hose line. However, the PRIMARY consideration is the v______ of water flowing per minute.

A
  • hose
  • kinks
  • volume
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9
Q 
Friction loss and elevation pressure loss (when applicable) are combined with the loss associated with appliances added to the layout to create.......(expressed in psi)
A. pressure loss
B. friction loss
C. total friction loss (TFL)
D. total pressure loss (TPL)
A

D. total pressure loss (TPL)

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10
Q

Besides using calculations, a more precise way to determine friction loss would to do this.

A

perform test using actual equipment and conditions likely to be encountered in the field

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11
Q

Will the calculations method that relies on mathematical equations or field application methods be completely accurate or as accurate as performing tests? Why or why not?

A

No, because it is not based on current equipment and conditions

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12
Q

Is measuring the pressure at both ends of a hoseline and subtracting the difference practical in calculating friction loss in a hoseline on the FIREGROUND?

A

NO

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13
Q

What is generally relied upon for safe fireground operations and calculating friction loss (even if it would produce slightly different results then actual testing?
A. standard formulas and field applications
B. standard operating procedures
C. in-line gauges and flow meters
D. all of the above

A

A. standard formulas and field applications

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14
Q

What does the formula FL = CQ²L calculate?

A

friction loss in psi

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15
Q

In the formula FL = CQ²L, FL stands for…..

A

friction loss in psi

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16
Q

In the formula FL = CQ²L, C is the ……..

A

friction loss coefficient from the chart based on hose size

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17
Q

In the formula FL = CQ²L, Q stands for…..

A

flow rate in hundreds of gallons per minute (gpm/100)

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18
Q

In the formula FL = CQ²L, L equals……

A

hose length in hundreds of feet (feet/100)

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19
Q

In order to receive more accurate results of friction loss calculations, some jurisdictions perform test using the equipment they own. Several PRINCIPLES must be considered.
1. Conduct testing using the actual _____ that will be used during fire fighting ops.
A. hydrant
B. driver
C. firefighter
D. hose

A

D. hose

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20
Q 
In order to receive more accurate results of friction loss calculations, some jurisdictions perform test using the equipment they own.  Several PRINCIPLES must be considered.
2. Test \_\_\_\_\_ diameter hose at a time.
A. one
B. two
C. all
D. ten
A

A. one

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21
Q

In order to receive more accurate results of friction loss calculations, some jurisdictions perform test using the equipment they own. Several PRINCIPLES must be considered.
2. Test hose of same _________ and manufacturer.
A. construction
B. color
C. toughness
D. none of these

A

A. construction

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22
Q

In order to receive more accurate results of friction loss calculations, some jurisdictions perform test using the equipment they own. Several PRINCIPLES must be considered.
2. Test hose of the same construction and manufacturer. Different kinds of hose may provide inconsistent results as material, construction and wear affect _____ ___.
A. water flow
B. friction loss
C. back pressure
D. forward force

A

B. friction loss

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23
Q

In order to receive more accurate results of friction loss calculations, some jurisdictions perform test using the equipment they own. Several PRINCIPLES must be considered.
3. Base the results of the test on the ________ devices used to record the data. Properly _________ pitot tubes, in-line gauges and flowmeters achieve reliable readings.

A
  • measuring

- calibrated

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24
Q

In order to receive more accurate results of friction loss calculations, some jurisdictions perform test using the equipment they own. Several PRINCIPLES must be considered. The following equipment is used during testing:

  1. ______ tube or flowmeter
  2. two __-____ gauges, preferably calibrated in increments of _ psi or less
  3. hose
  4. _______ bore nozzle (pitot tube)
  5. any type nozzle (flow_____)
A
  • pitot
  • in-line
  • 5
  • smooth
  • meter
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25
Q

Based on the appliance, what varies from device to device with the rated capacity of the device as well as the flow?

A

friction loss created

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26
Q

If less than 350 gpm are flowed through an appliance, is it generally VERY significant and is considered in the manual? YES OR NO (349 gpm and lower)

A

NO, insignificant and is NOT considered in the manual

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27
Q

For the manual, what is the friction loss for any appliance that is flowing 350 gpm or greater (besides a master stream device?)

A

10 psi

28
Q

For the manual, what is the friction loss for master stream devices, regardless of flow?

A

25 psi

29
Q

How is elevation pressure created?

A

by a difference between the nozzle and the pump (how much higher it is in elevation)

30
Q 
In order to conduct rapid elevation pressure loss calculations on the fire ground, drivers may employ the following formula:
A. Q = flow rate/100
B. FL = CQ²L
C. GPM = 29.7 x d² x √NP
D. EP = 0.5H
A

D. EP = 0.5H

31
Q

In the equation for elevation pressure loss, EP = 0.5H, the EP stands for…..

A

elevation pressure in psi

32
Q

In the equation for elevation pressure loss, EP = 0.5H, 0.5 is…..

A

a constant

33
Q

In the equation for elevation pressure loss, EP = 0.5H, H stands for….

A

height in feet

34
Q

EP = (5psi) x (number of stories - 1) is used to calculate elevation pressure where?

A

multistory bulidings

35
Q

Friction loss in WHAT are effected by factors such as hose diameter and length of the layout?

A

hose layout

36
Q

Total pressure loss involves friction _____, loss or gain due to e_______ as well as appliance friction ___ (when flow exceeds ___ gpm.)

A
  • loss
  • elevation
  • loss
  • 350
37
Q

What kind of hose lay presents the simplest friction loss calculation, whether used as a supply or attack line?

A

single

38
Q 
When using more than one hoseline of equal length and equal diameter, friction loss calculations need only be made for \_\_\_ line.
A. both
B. the supply
C. one
D. none of the
A

C. one

39
Q

When diameters vary of each hoseline when calculating friction loss, you must find the friction loss for each hoseline. The pump discharge pressure should than be set to the _______ pressure while partially closing the valve for the ___ pressure hose.

A
  • higher

- less

40
Q

In order to have avoid having two different nozzle pressures at the end of two lines wyed off from larger hoselines, the attack lines must be the same _______.

A

length

41
Q 
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure is needed to overcome friction loss as the rate of flow is increased through a hoseline.
A. additional
B. less
C. no more
D. a tiny amount
A

A. additional

42
Q

Two or more parallel hoselines may be laid to accommodate for larger v_____ of water and to keep ______ loss rates reasonable.

A
  • volumes

- friction

43
Q 
If 2 lines or more are laid to accommodate for larger volumes of water and to keep friction loss rates down, what might they be brought together with at a point close to the fire?
A. wye
B. dog ear
C. humat valve
D. siamese
A

D. siamese

44
Q

When 2 hoselines of equal length are siamesed to supply a fire stream, friction loss is approximately __% less than that of a single hoseline at the same nozzle pressure.

A

25

45
Q

Many departments have predetermined pressures to supply an FDC. They may be referenced in _______ policies, ______ plans and labeled on the ______ of the FDC.

A
  • department
  • preincident
  • faceplate
46
Q

Assuming there is a minimal change in elevation, the hose with the _____ friction loss of a operation where multiple hoselines of unequal length are being used, represents the total pressure loss at the pump.

A

highest

47
Q 
If unequal lengths or diameter of hose is used to supply a master stream, use the WHAT of the hose lengths to simplify calculations in finding friction loss.
A. total
B. average
C. lowest
D. all depending on the situation
A

B. average

48
Q

What pressure loss should be considered for the aerial waterway and master stream? Should you consider elevation as well?

A
  • 25 psi

- YES

49
Q

For detachable water pipes, should you consider friction loss for the hose, ladder pipe, elevation and any appliance?

A

YES

50
Q

Pump discharge pressure must be sufficient to overcome ___ pressure loss.

A

all

51
Q 
Driver must understand pump discharge pressure and its relation to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ pressure.
A. master stream
B. nozzle
C. line
D. all of these
A

B. nozzle

52
Q 
The sum of the pressure loss encountered as well as the required nozzle pressure will be used to determine the \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_.
A. pump discharge pressure
B. nozzle discharge pressure
C. both of these
D. none of these
A

A. pump discharge pressure

53
Q

What is PDP = NP + TPL?

A

formula for calculating pump discharge pressure

54
Q

In the formula, PDP = NP + TPL, PDP stands for….

A

pump discharge pressure in psi

55
Q

In the formula, PDP = NP + TPL, NP stands for….

A

nozzle pressure in psi

56
Q

In the formula, PDP = NP + TPL, TPL stands for….

A

total pressure loss in psi

57
Q

TPL accounts for pressure loss due to f______, e_______ and a_______.

A
  • friction
  • elevation
  • appliances
58
Q

Why do some jurisdictions calculate the discharge pressure for their preconnected hoselines in advance?
To give the driver a reasonably accurate ________ point to which differences in elevation or appliances may be factored based on specific hose layouts.

A

starting

59
Q

What is represented by the action of water coming into the pump, through it and then out a discharge?

A

net pump discharge pressure (NPDP)

60
Q

In order to determine the net pump discharge pressure, all forces that affect the _______ of work required of the fire ____ must be considered.

A
  • amount

- pump

61
Q

In the case of a pumper being supplied by a hydrant or another pumper, the net pump discharge pressure is the difference between the pump discharge pressure and the incoming pressure form the supply force. TRUE or FALSE

A

TRUE

62
Q

An example of net pump discharge pressure, if a pumper is required to discharge 150 psi and it has an intake pressure of 50 psi, the pump will develop the additional ___ psi to meet the demand and achieve the net pump discharge of 150 psi.

A

100 psi

63
Q

What does this formula represent? NPDPpps = PDP - intake reading?

A

net pump discharge pressure

64
Q

In the formula NPDPpps = PDP - intake reading, NPDPpps represents…..

A

net pump discharge pressure from a positive pressure source

65
Q

In the formula NPDPpps = PDP - intake reading, PDP represents…..

A

pump discharge pressure

Pumping and Aerial (20 decks)

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