Chapter 8 - Fireground Hydraulic Calculations Flashcards
The dynamic environment of the fireground usually is not conducive to performing lengthy ___________ equations.
mathematical
During emergencies, drivers commonly use these methods for determining pressure loss and pump discharge pressure:
- flow——
- ——— calculators
- —- charts
- condensed - method
- — flowing
- flowmeters
- hydraulic calculators
- pump charts
- condensed Q method
- GPM flowing
Flowmeters ________ the number of calculations required of a driver/operator on the fireground.
- lengthen
- build up
- multiplies
- reduce
- reduce
To insure reliability of a flowmeter, they must be __________ in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
maintained
Flowmeters MEASURE and DISPLAY water flow in WHAT per minute?
gallons
Do you have to do any further calculations when a flow meter reflects the water pressure if the hoseline is functioning at its rated capacity?
NO
When automatic nozzles are employed with handlines, what makes the ability to quickly and accurately determine flow for a particular hoseline in gallons per minute?
use of a flowmeter
Because handlines or master stream devices maintain a perdetermined nozzle pressure and a stream that appears adequate, what may automatic nozzles lead you to do as a driver that is hazardous?
supply insufficient discharge pressures
What can relieve you from relying on calculations based on friction loss, elevation pressure and length of the hoseline?
flowmeter
Based on NFPA 1901, for every discharge outlet equipped with a flowmeter, a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_ shall also be provided. A. pressure gauge B. discharge cap C. backflow meter D. all of these
A. pressure gauge
What must a flowmeter display flows in increments of?
10 gpm OR LESS
What are the 2 most common flowmeters?
paddlewheel and spring probe
For a paddlewheel flowmeter, why is it mounted at the top of a straight section of the discharge?
so only a small portion of the device extends into the waterway
For a paddlewheel flowmeter, it is mounted at the top of a straight section of the discharge so only a small portion of the device extends into the waterway. Why?
reduce the impediment of the waterflow and lessens the chance of damage from any debris in the pipe
What type of flowmeter works when water moves past the it, a sensor measures the speed at which it spins and translates the information into a flow measurement?
paddlewheel
What type of flowmeter employs a stainless steel spring probe to detect water movement in the discharge piping?
spring probe
The \_\_\_\_\_ the flow, the more the spring is bent on a spring probe flowmeter. A. slower B. less C. colder D. greater
D. greater
In a spring probe flowmeter, an electrical charge is transmitted from the spring to the display unit for the driver to view. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
How many simple moving parts are on a spring probe flowmeter that tends to require very little maintenance?
1
With proper calibration, a flowmeter in good working order should be accurate to tolerance of plus or minus _ percent? (for flow of 100 gpm, the display should be no more than _ gallons off)
- 3
- 3
Each discharge equipped with a flowmeter must have a DIGITAL readout display mounted with _ inches of the control valve for that discharge. A. 1 B. 6 C. 9 D. 5
B. 6
If a pressure gauge is mounted at the 6-inch location to the control valve, the flowmeter mus be mounted with _ inches adjacent to the pressure gauge. A. 1 B. 6 C. 9 D. 2
D. 2
Some apparatus feature monitoring devices that offer drivers additional information:
- the ___ through any specific discharge
- the total water flow through the pump in “____-time”
- total water flowed through the pump for the ________ of the incident
- the amount of ____ being flowed
- flow
- real
- duration
- foam
Who may determine when to use each type of flowmeter?
AHJ
What are 2 applications for flowmeters from the book?
- diagnosing waterflow problems
- relay pumping
What can be used by the driver to identify waterflow issues?
flowmeter READING
What might register a change in the flowmeter’s reading? (2)
kink or closed valve
If the volume of the water at the nozzle suddenly decreased and there is no change to the flowmeter, what might you diagnose as the problem?
burst hose section
During the initial phase of relay setup, what can a driver use in order to feed a supply line without having to know the volume of water flowing form the receiving pumper? (2)
- flowmeter
- pumper’s master discharge gauge
During the initial phase of relay setup, a driver can use the flowmeter and pumper’s master discharge gauge in order to feed a supply line without having to know the volume of water flowing form the receiving pumper. Until when should you increase the engine speed?
till the flowmeter reading no longer increases
When you increase the speed of the engine until the flowmeter reading no longer increases, it will estabilish the correct ______ pressure to supply and adequate volume of water to the _______ pumper.
- discharge
- receiving
In relay operations, should you just leave the flowmeter and intake pressure gauges? YES or NO
NO, monitor both
In relay operations, the intake pressure reading cannot be allowed to drop below __ psi.
20
In relay operations, be careful not to \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ the next pumper in the relay. A. overpressurize B. skip C. park to close to D. park to far away from
A. overpressurize
What should apparatus equipped with electronic pressure governors involved in relay pumping (except the attack pumper) operate in?
RPM revolutions per minute
In standpipe and multifloor occupancies, might it be difficult in determining the exact locations of various hoselines?
YES
When operating an apparatus equipped with a flowmeters, the number and types of nozzles on lines operating from the standpipe may be factored by _____ the flow rate for each nozzle together and _______ the volume of water that matches that rate,
- adding
- pumping
When at standpipe operations, the driver must monitor each attack team to determine which lines are doing THIS.
flowing
When should you lower the pressure accordingly at standpipe operations or the standpipe system will attempt to flow the excess through the remaining hoselines?
when a line is shut down (multiple line operations)
When a line is shut down you should lower the pressure accordingly at standpipe operations or the standpipe system will attempt to flow the excess through the remaining hoselines. An electronic pressure \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ set in psi mode should compensate for this shutdown. A. gauge B. governor C. backflow meter D. All of these
B. governor
When a line is shut down you should lower the pressure accordingly at standpipe operations or the standpipe system will attempt to flow the excess through the remaining hoselines. An electronic pressure governer set in psi mode should compensate for this shutdown. A pressure governor in the ___ mode will not automatically compensate for the reduced flow.
RPM revolutions per minute
Rely on experience, training and operating guidelines to set WHAT that are relatively close to what may be required at the beginning of standpipe operations? A. pressures B. a stage C. intake pressures D. up for success
A. pressures
Rely on experience, training and operating guidelines to set pressures that are relatively close to what may be required at the beginning of standpipe operations. After you open the hoseline, finalize the pressure discharge based on the exact \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. location B. hoselines C. placement of the pumper D. conditions
D. conditions
For virtually any hose layout, a driver can rely on THIS to determine pump discharge pressures without mental calculations. A. another ff B. officer C. flowmeter D. hydraulic calculator
D. hydraulic calculator
Hydraulic calculators can be either manual or ________.
electronic
What version of a hydraulic calculator consists of a slide or dial that can be moved to cover or reveal rates of flow, size of hose and length of hose layouts in order to come to a conclusion to a problem?
manual
What type of hydraulic calculator is often supplied by fire EQUIPMENT companies or fire SERVICE organizations?
manual
What type of hydraulic calculators are specially programmed to allow you to input the variables of each hose layout, including the length, diameter of the hose and elevation change?
electronic
Which hydraulic calculator applies preprogrammed formulas to arrive at the pump discharge pressure?
electronic
What type of hydraulic calculators may be handheld devices or permanently affixed to a location near the pump operator’s panel?
electronic
What is often developed by a fire department and contains information specific to that jurisdiction’s equipment and common hose layout operations?
pump chart
What specifies pump discharge pressure and are often printed on laminated sheets carried on the apparatus or plaques that are mounted to the pump operator’s panel?
pump charts
What might be supplied by EQUIPMENT manufacturers that feature the specifications of their product?
pump charts
In order to develop a customized pump chart, members of a dept. should set up a form that clearly identifies the n______ and d______ used by the dept. as well as an ______ layouts or applications, such as _______ systems.
- nozzle
- devices
- special
- sprinkler
Column headings that indicate flow, as well as nozzle pressure should be developed, along with distance in feet for hose layouts. What is this describing?
pump charts
When making initial calculations for pump charts, include what for master streams if flow exceeds 350 gpm?
friction loss
When making initial calculations for pump charts,what should be the length of the wyed hoseline layout? A. pumper to the nozzle B. wye to nozzle C. pumper to the wye D. None of these
C. pumper to the wye
C. pumper to the wye, when a master stream is being supplies, what should you factor in?
different number or diameters of hoseline
When making initial calculations for pump charts, round pump discharge pressures to the nearest _ psi.
5
When making initial calculations for pump charts, do not allow the pump discharge pressures exceed the _____ pressure for the diameter hose or the pumper involved.
-test
When making initial calculations for pump charts, do not exceed the dept. maximum _ _ _ policy if the dept. has one.
PDP
When making initial calculations for pump charts, do not exceed the varies manufacturer’s maximum _ _ _.
PDP
When making initial calculations for pump charts, based on jurisdictional policy, to preform relay pumping calculations, the pump ______ pressure should provide for ______ pressure at the intake of the pumper being ______.
- discharge
- residual
- supplied
Locate the nozzle or the layout in question, account for the number of feet in the layout, then plot where each column intersects to find the required pump discharge pressure. What is the driver using?
pump chart
What formula may be used for operations in which the friction loss can be determined for 3, 4, and 5 inch hose?
condensed Q formula
In the formula, FL = Q², what is FL?
friction loss in psi for 100 ft of 3-inch hose (with 3 or 2½ couplings)
What is FL = Q²?
condensed Q formula for 3 inch hose
In the formula, FL = Q²,, what is Q?
flow rat in hundreds of gallons per min. (gpm/100)
Is FL = Q² as accurate as FL = CQ²L formula?
NO
Why would you use FL = Q² over FL = CQ²L on the fireground?
quick, easy to use with decent reliability
How many percent GREATER will the friction loss results using FL = Q² over FL = CQ²L?
20%
The 20% greater friction loss calculations of FL = Q² over FL = CQ²L will not amount to major effects in psi, however in a hose lay of 1,000 3-inch hose, the difference may be as great as \_\_ psi. A. 60 B. 100 C. 50 D. 20
C. 50
FL = Q²/5 is the formula for…..
condensed Q formula for 4 inch hose
FL = Q²/15 is the formula for…..
condensed Q formula for 5 inch hose
The gpm flowing method is applicable to both solid and fog streams and is calculated using flow in gallons per minute. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Can the gpm flow method be used in different diameters of hose?
YES
Can the condensed Q formula be used with the metric system?
NO
Can the gpm flow method be used with the metric system?
NO
Is the gpm flow method applicable to 2½ inch hoselines flowing less than 160 gpm?
NO
When factoring friction loss for 2½ inch hose using the gpm flowing method, for every 10 gpm increase in flow, friction loss increases _ psi.
1
When factoring friction loss for 2½ inch hose using the gpm flowing method, for every __ gpm increase in flow, friction loss increases 1 psi.
10
The friction loss in a 1½-hose is equal to the friction loss in a 2½ inch hose that is flowing ____ times as much water. (gpm flow method charts)
four (4)
The friction loss in a 1½-hose is equal to the friction loss in a 2½ inch hose that is flowing four times as much water. SO, a 1½ hose flowing 50 gpm that has 10 psi friction loss per 100 ft is equal to a 2½ inc hoseline flowing ___ gmp. (gpm flow method charts)
200
According to the GPM flowing chart, when 1½ hose flows 50 - 75 gpm or 2½ hose flows 200 to 300 gpm, the friction loss increases by _ psi for every 5 gpm flow increase in 1½ and 20 gpm in 2½. A. 6 B. 5 C. 1 D. 2
D. 2
According to the GPM flowing chart, when 1½ hose flows 80-100 gpm or 2½ hose flows 320-400 gpm, the friction loss increases by _ psi for every 5 gpm flow increase in 1½ and 20 gpm in 2½. A. 3 B. 5 C. 2 D. 8
A. 3
According to the GPM flowing chart, when 1½ hose flows 105-125 gpm or 2½ hose flows 420-500 gpm, the friction loss increases by _ psi for every 5 gpm flow increase in 1½ and 20 gpm in 2½. A. 3 B. 5 C. 4 D. 8
C. 4
