Chapter 2 - Apparatus Inspection and Maintenance Flashcards
You must be ready to respond and capable of performing the intended functions of your apparatus with ____ efficiency at all times.
peak
Preventative maintenance programs and routine maintenance checks are _______ measures to ensure the rig is maintained to the highest level of READINESS and will operate safely and efficiently at emergencies.
proactive measures
Routine maintenance checks and functions are who’s responsibility in most jurisdictions?
driver/operator
NFPA ______ requires that driver/operators be skilled in the performance of certain maintenance tasks.
1002, Standard for Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications
What 2 words are often interchangeably used in the fire service?
maintenance and repair
The words _______ and ______ have different definitions and should be applied appropriately when discussing the serviceability of apparatus.
maintenance and repair
What means to keep the apparatus in a state of usefulness or readiness?
maintenance
What means to restore that which is become inoperable?
repair
If a vehicles or EQUIPMENT is in a good state of repair, they likely have been well WHAT?
maintained
What kind of maintenance HELPS to ensure reliability, reduce the frequency of cost of repairs, and reduces out-of-service time?
preventative maintenance
The GOAL of what type of maintenance is to eliminate unexpected and catastrophic failures that may endanger fire fighters and the general public?
preventative maintenance
Some basic preventative maintenance can be performed by whom?
driver/operator
What NFPA standard provides a basis to train and certify fire apparatus mechanics and fire department maintenance officers?
NFPA 1071, Standard for Emergency Vehicle Technician Professional Qualifications
Drivers must NOT attempt to perform work beyond the ______ of their knowledge and ________, leaving repairs to qualified personnel.
- scope
- training
How many systems does NFPA 1002 require a driver to be able to perform routine TESTS, INSPECTIONS and SERVICING of?
11
What 11 systems does NFPA 1002 require a driver to be able to perform routine TESTS, INSPECTIONS and SERVICING of?
1.batteries, 2.braking systems, 3.coolant systems, 4.electrical systems, 5.fuel systems, 6.hydraulic fluids, 7.oil, 8.tires, 9.steering system, 10.belts, 11.tools, appliances and equipment
What should every fire department develop that provides for a systematic apparatus maintenance program that complies with applicable NFPA standards?
standard operating procedures (SOPs)
Every fire department should develop standard operating procedures (SOPs) that provide for a systematic apparatus maintenance program that complies with applicable NFPA standards. These procedures should specify maintenance ________, ______ they are performed, and _____ is responsible for the maintenance.
- procedure
- when
- who
Every fire department should develop standard operating procedures (SOPs) that provide for a systematic apparatus maintenance program that complies with applicable NFPA standards. This procedure should specify a method for _____, ______ and _________ all activities.
- reporting
- correcting
- documenting
Standard operating procedures for maintenance should be clearly established within the level of responsibility for the _________.
driver/operator
Who should understand and identify specific-items that driver must check and those they are able to remedy?
all personnel
The _________/______ responsibilities of the driver vary by jurisdiction.
maintenance/repair
Minor deficiencies such as low fluid levels or burned out bulbs are often corrected as part of the __________ _________ of the driver/operator.
maintenance function
Who is repair work that involves complex tools, parts or in-depth mechanical knowledge left up to?
certified mechanics
Large jurisdictions have their own WHAT with mechanics who fix things at the shop, at the fire house or incident scene to preform repairs?
repair shop
Who determines the assignment of maintenance and repair in each department?
AHJ
Who sometimes contracts out repair work to local repair service?
some fire departments
The schedule for performing routine maintenance checks varies by these 2 things.
- jurisdiction
- differ based on how dept. is staffed
At the beginning of each tour of duty, some fire dept. require their driver to perform these 2 things.
- inspection
- maintenance check
On a weekly or monthly basis, what might be required of a driver to complete?
a more detailed inspection list
Based on staffing, how often might some departments establish a standard procedure to ensure the apparatus is inspected and maintained?
weekly schedule
What should each jurisdiction establish in their inspection and maintenance policy after they find results of a inspection? (2)
details on how the results of the inspection are documented
and
transmitted to the appropriate person in the admin. system
What has been used for documenting and transmitting inspection results to the appropriate person in the admin. system?
standardized written forms
and
computer programs
In addition to proper completion and routing of information, WHAT should be in place in order to facilitate review of maintenance and inspection records?
a filing system for storage and retrieval of data
What should be designed by the AHJ for specific apparatus to ensure that each driver conduct a uniform and complete inspection
inspection checklist
When should a driver follow established POLICY of the AHJ for documenting, reporting, and following up on the status of a repair? (3)
When the apparatus or equipment on board are found:
- broken
- defective
- or in need of any repair
Depending on the jurisdiction, follow up may be done by these 3 people after documenting and reporting any broken, defective or needed repair of the apparatus or equipment.
- driver/operator
- immediate superior
- staff officer with oversight responsibilities for repair FUNCTION
A guideline for WHAT do the following actions describe:
- inspection results a in a system needing repair
- driver documents per local policy via written or computerized document
- driver notifies immediate supervisor of defect AND documentation
- based on the nature of the problem, status of repair is followed up in a reasonable amount of time. (for serious issues or items meeting NFPA 1911 “out-of-service” criteria, immediate action must be taken)
established policy by the AHJ on documenting, reporting and follow up on status repair
Apparatus maintenance and inspection records are important documents that service several ________.
-functions
Apparatus maintenance and inspection records are important documents that service several functions. In WARRANTY claims, the record may be needed to document……
required maintenance was performed
Apparatus maintenance and inspection records are important documents that service several functions. In the event of an ACCIDENT, WHAT records are among those likely to be scrutinized by investigators?
maintenance
Apparatus maintenance and inspection records are important documents that service several functions. What might assist in deciding whether to purchase a new apparatus as opposed to continuing to repair and older vehicle?
a completely documented history of recurrent repairs
Driver/operators must be ______ in the recording system used by their department and understand the importance of _______ and _______ record keeping.
- trained
- accurate
- timely
Keeping vehicles and equipment WHAT at all times is apart of a long-standing fire service tradition.
clean
An important aspect of any inspection and maintenance program is to keep equipment carried onboard and the apparatus…….
clean
Since a driver understands that local taxpayers have a significant CAPITAL investment in their piece of fire apparatus, they expect their vehicle to be well….(2)
- cared for
- maintained
What can help promote a longer life to an apparatus?
keeping the apparatus body clean
What can have a corrosive effect on steel body components in cold weather?
road salt
What should be done in cold weather when road salt is used to remove the chemicals and reduce the likelihood of body and component damage?
frequent washing
When parts of the rig are free from dirt and grime, what is made much easier?
proper inspection of apparatus and equipment components
A clean engine permits proper inspection for _____ and their ________.
- leaks
- source
If hoses or wires are covered in oil and dust, what will it be difficult to determine when the rubber or insulation cannot be seen? (Keep engine clean) (2)
if they are cracked
or
frayed
What can be a problem because it sticks to anything it touches and leaves a gummy residue?
diesel fuel
Linkages, fuel injectors , or other controls in the engine compartment (where some of the most vulnerable areas are) may become inoperable due to what?
collection of dirt
Where are some of the most vulnerable areas?
engine compartment
What side should a fire fighter (driver) check of the engine? (where 2 things are located)
fuel lines
and
fuel filter location
Do fuel injectors have external moving parts?
NO
Are fuel injectors still a source of collected dirt and oil, even though they have no external moving parts?
What should you do to it? (2)
- YES
- keep it checked and cleaned
Don’t clean the underside of a rig, only the top. TRUE OR FALSE
FALSE
In order for mechanical defects to be more obvious, what should not be permitted to collect on the undercarriage? (4)
- oil
- moisture
- dirt
- grime
What parts of the undercarriage that may be visualized more easily, and checked for oil, moisture, dirt and grime? (5)
- suspension
- brake parts
- shackles
- driveline
- steering mechanism
What is used to pre-treat roads by highway maintenance crews when a snow event is expected?
- salt
- brine solution
When might highway maintenance crews lay down salt or brine solution before an expected snow event?
hours or days before inclement conditions are forecast to begin
What happens to the liquid solution (salt or brine solution) that the highway maintenance crews lay down on the road for snow events?
dries and becomes a fine dust
The liquid solution (salt or brine solution) that the highway maintenance crews lay down on the road for snow events dries and turns to a fine dust. It then is picked up by WHOM and sticks to WHERE and finds its way to the electrical connections causing WHAT?
- passing fire apparatus
- undercarriage
- corrosion
When you spray the dust off caused by salt and brine solution on the roads, the salt _______ and remains ______.
- moistens
- active
How would jurisdictions determine the best way to neutralize salt or brine solutions? (2)
- consulting the highway maintenance authorities
- apparatus manufacturer
There are NO adverse effects to overcleaning the apparatus?
FALSE
What may remove lubrication from the chassis, engine, pump and underbody? (2)
- steam cleaning
- high pressure water spray
Steam cleaning and high pressure water spray may remove lubrication from the chassis, engine, pump and underbody. Using what might magnify this effect?
degreasers or detergents
Care should be taking not to strip away necessary WHAT when washing the vehicle body AND components?
lubricants
Using caution when employing high pressure cleaning on equipment around the ________ housing and _________. Modern rigs have _______ networks and wiring connections.
- wiring
- connections
- complex
After heavy cleaning, it may be necessary to perform a routine WHAT to insure that all components are properly protected from excessive wear. A. inspection B. waxing C. lubrication D. oil change
C. lubrication
Who mostly provides fire dept. with specific instructions on how to best clean their apparatus?
manufacturers
If specific instructions are not given from manufacturers on how to best clean their apparatus, the book gives what?
general guidance
What is the most commonly performed maintenance function?
washing the exterior of the apparatus
Based on what might many vehicle manufacturers recommend slightly different washing procedures?
age of the vehicle
What kind of cleaning might a newer apparatus require in order to avoid damaging new paint, detailing, or clear-coat protection?
gentler
Gentler cleaning might be recommended of newer apparatus to avoid damage to these 3 things.
- new paint
- clear-coat protection
- detailing
While protective coatings are new and unseasoned, the vehicle should be washed frequently using what kind of water to harden the paint and keep it from spotting?
cold
While protective coatings are new and unseasoned, the vehicle should be washed frequently using cold water to harden the paint and keep it from spotting. How long does should this happen?
during the first 6 months AFTER receiving
To ensure the best overall appearance of the apparatus in the future and reduce the chances of damaging new paint and protective coatings it is recommended:
What can drive dirt and debris into the finish? So use what?
- high pressure nozzle/water
- hose WITHOUT a nozzle
To ensure the best overall appearance of the apparatus in the future and reduce the chances of damaging new paint and protective coatings it is recommended:
Before applying soap, you should do this to lessen the amount of grit that may scratch into the finish and never remove the dirt by what?
- rinse as much loose dirt as possible
- dry rub
To ensure the best overall appearance of the apparatus in the future and reduce the chances of damaging new paint and protective coatings it is recommended:
Before dirt, grit and road salt can dry on surfaces, do what?
wash
To ensure the best overall appearance of the apparatus in the future and reduce the chances of damaging new paint and protective coatings it is recommended:
Use only what kind of soaps for cleaning?
those specifically designed for use on automotive paint
To ensure the best overall appearance of the apparatus in the future and reduce the chances of damaging new paint and protective coatings it is recommended:
Do not wash with _________ hot water or while the ______ of the vehicle is hot.
- extremely
- surface
To ensure the best overall appearance of the apparatus in the future and reduce the chances of damaging new paint and protective coatings it is recommended:
Begin washing where and finish where?
top to bottom
To ensure the best overall appearance of the apparatus in the future and reduce the chances of damaging new paint and protective coatings it is recommended:
What should you dry the apparatus with (2, and one gets rinsed frequently in clean water)
- chamois
- rubber squeegee
To ensure the best overall appearance of the apparatus in the future and reduce the chances of damaging new paint and protective coatings it is recommended:
What can be encouraged if you do not dry the apparatus completely?
corrosion
What can you wash a properly cured in accordance with manufacturers recommendations vehicle for SPEED cleaning?
garden hose with nozzle
or
pressure washer
Besides using a garden hose with a nozzle or pressure washer on properly cured vehicles for speed cleaning, what is needed for proper cleanliness on a regular basis?
soapy water and hand washing
What should you use on automotive glass?
warm soapy water or commercial glass cleaner
What should you use in conjunction with warm soapy water and commercial glass cleaner?
paper towels or clean cloth rags
Are shop towels generally acceptable to dry automotive glass? Why or why not.
NO - even after being laundered, they may have metal shaving embedded in the cloth
Should you use dry towels or cloths to dry automotive glass? Why or why not
NO - they may grind grit or dirt into the glass surface
To remove deposits from glass, USE putty knives, steel wool and any abrasive tool. TRUE or FALSE
FALSE
What may cause deterioration of the finishes of seat upholstery, dashboard, engine compartment coverings, and floor surfaces?
accumulation of dirt and debris that you did not keep clean
______ and ________ fluids can destroy modern rigs sensitive electronic equipment.
- water
- cleaning
Water and cleaning fluids can destroy modern rigs sensitive electronic equipment. Follow WHOS instructions for cleaning?
manufactures
When cleaning the interior of the apparatus, from the book, sweep or vacuum large, loose ____ ______.
dirt particals
How many steps are used in the book to clean the interior of the apparatus?
6
When cleaning the interior of the apparatus, from the book, use what kind of warm water and what kind of cleaning products to clean surfaces?
- soapy
- commercial
When cleaning the interior of the apparatus, from the book, take care to use products that are specified by the apparatus manufacturer to avoid possible…..
damage to interior surfaces
When cleaning the interior of the apparatus, from the book, avoid using solvents such as lacquer _____, acetone, laundry ____, ______ and naphtha.
- thinner
- soap
- bleach
When cleaning the interior of the apparatus, from the book, when using cleaning agents do what to the cab or crew riding area?
ventilate
When cleaning the interior of the apparatus, from the book, when working around the electrical system, take care using…..
liquids
When cleaning the interior of the apparatus, from the book, what should you keep compartments, hinges, slide tracks and seals clean and free from? What else should you do to them according to manufacturer’s specifications?
- debris
- lubricate
Including manufacturer’s instructions, the book has instructions for the application of wax or polishes to the exterior of the apparatus. This includes how many instructions?
4
Including manufacturer’s instructions, the book has instructions for the application of wax or polishes to the exterior of the apparatus. First you should review the instructions before applying products on newer apparatus. WHY?
application of some products may no longer be necessary and may damage clear-coat protective seal finishes that are applied over paints
Including manufacturer’s instructions, the book has instructions for the application of wax or polishes to the exterior of the apparatus. Should you review the manufacturer’s manual before using wax or polishes?
YES
Including manufacturer’s instructions, the book has instructions for the application of wax or polishes to the exterior of the apparatus. How long should you waid to apply these products, IF necessary?
6 months
Including manufacturer’s instructions, the book has instructions for the application of wax or polishes to the exterior of the apparatus. What should you do before you wax or polish, according to product instructions?
wash and dry thoroughly
Including manufacturer’s instructions, the book has instructions for the application of wax or polishes to the exterior of the apparatus. What should you polish out the vehicle with after washing, drying and wax or polishing? (2)
soft cloth
or
mechanical buffer
Who should the driver consult about pertinent information regarding the incident activity, equipment usage or problems when relieving someone at shift change?
the person being relieved
When inspecting the rig, the driver should use a systematic procedure based on these 3 things.
- department SOPs
- NFPA standards
- manufacturer’s recommendations
What does taking a systematic approach help ensure when inspecting a rig?
required items are checked EACH Time it is complete
The information in the book regarding inspecting an apparatus is based on what requirements? (2)
- NFPA 1002
2. government pretrip inspection requirements for obtaining a commercial drivers’ license (CDL)
What gross vehicle rating must a CDL driver, who demonstrated competence inspecting and driving the vehicle, have a rating of?
26,001 pounds or more
Do all jurisdictions require a driver to have a CDL?
NO
Even though the information regarding inspecting a vehicle comes from the government pretrip inspection requirements for obtaining a commercial drivers’ license (CDL), (and not all jurisdictions require a CDL) the procedures in the book provide a _______ basis for the type of inspections that all drivers should be able to preform at the _________ of each tour of duty (career) and on ______ basis as well as ______ each run in a volunteer department.
- sound
- beginning
- weekly
- after
What is another name for the walk-around method of inspecting?
circle
What particularly is a circle or a walk-around method performing?
method of performing an apparatus inspection
What two types of inspections are being conducted during a walk-around inspection?
- operations readiness inspection
- pretrip road worthiness inspection
In the operations readiness inspection, who requires it? (2)
- NFPA standards
- AHJ
IFSTA recognizes the descriptions regarding the walk-around method (circle) of inspecting as _________ minimum inspection ________.
- important
- points
As far as the walk-around method (circle) of inspecting, the driver is RESPONSIBLE to follow all jurisdictional WHAT? (3)
- laws
- codes
- policies
How does a driver begin a walk-around (circle) method of inspecting?
Checking what?
- at the driver’s door, works around in a clockwise pattern
- each important area
What should you do second when you reach your door after walking around the rig in a clockwise manner doing the walk-around method?
get in, start the rig, perform a functional check on the systems
When doing a functional check on the apparatus, what may make the procedure vary besides department policy?
the design of the apparatus
What should the driver do and find helpful during the walk-around method (circle) of inspecting if records from previous inspections or usage are available?
review to see if any problems were previously reported
What will the prior knowledge allow you to do if you review inspections records from the previous usage?
pay special attention to those areas for possible reoccurrence of the problems
For the walk-around method of inspecting (circle), would it be beneficial for you to speak to the last person who drove?
Why or why not?
- YES
- to get their impression of the overall condition
Is a pretrip road worthiness inspection based on your hearing?
no, based on a visual inspection
What should you observe when approaching a vehicle to be inspected? (3)
- readily apparent things from a distance (body damage, lean to one side)
- terrain its parked on (floors/driveways/parking areas may have sloped surfaces)
- leaks (water/coolant/oil/hydraulic fluid/transmission fluid) = serious mechanical problems
When APPROACHING a vehicle indoors to be inspected, be sure the are is WHAT before beginning.
properly ventilated
For FUNCTIONAL tests, where should the apparatus be parked if weather is permitting?
outside
Whenever the apparatus is parked, when approaching and for functional tests, what should be done?
chock the wheels
How many harmful chemicals or compounds can diesel exhaust contain?
100
Diesel exhaust contains over 100 harmful chemicals and compounds. What should you do with the engine?
Do not run it in unvented areas fro any period of time
Can the sides of an apparatus be identified by different names in various departments?
YES
Use the terms for the right or left of the apparatus that is commonly accepted in your department. YES OR NO
YES
What different names do different jurisdictions use for left and right orientation of the apparatus? (2)
- street side/curb side
- driver side/officer side
When inspecting the EXTERIOR, and beginning your walk-around inspection, start at the _______ side of the cab and make general ________ of the vehicle or any _______ not previously noted. (same with officer side)
- driver’s
- observations
- damage
What involves checking items for condition, cleanliness, damage, defects, functionality, leaks and presence of or missing items?
The visual walk-around VISUAL inspection of the rig
Check all the _______ lights, _______ warning devices and hose/_______ when inspecting the EXTERIOR.
- exterior
- audible
- equipment
What 3 things should be MOST IMPORTANTLY checked for the tires? (more should be checked, these are most important)
- type
- condition
- inflation
Should driver’s make certain that all tires are UNmatching?
NO
What 2 types of tires are never acceptable to mix?
radial and bias-ply
According to appropriate manufacturer’s specifications, all tires should be the same…(2)
- size
2. weight rating
When is the correct tire for any commercial vehicle determined?
after the vehicle’s specifications are final
Tire selection for apparatus are based on: A. gross axle weight ratings B. tire pressure C. type of apparatus D. nothing, they just need to match
A. gross axle weight ratings
What will cause poor road-handling characteristics as well as excessive fuel consumption as far as tires go?
too much or too little pressure
The maximum mph rating of a tire IS an invitation to continually operate at that speed. Why or why not?
NO - it is the rated upper limit of the tire’s performance level
Who must adhere to the specified limitation of the tires on every assigned rig?
driver
Proper tread depth varies according to state or _______ inspection requirements.
provincial
Proper tread depth, tread separation, cupping, excessive wear on sidewalls, cuts, dry rotting, cracking or impaled objects are all checked when examining….and per who?
- tires
- dept. policy
Should you check the valve stem when checking tires?
YES
What should you check on a valve stem?
not cut, cracked loose and cap is in place
How often does NFPA 1911 require tires to be replaced REGARDLESS of condition?
every 7 years
Even with generous tread depths, old tires have been the cause of ______ that have lead to serious accidents and death.
blowouts
Even with generous tread depths, old tires have been the cause of blowouts that have lead to serious accidents and death. This is particularly concerning in what circumstance?
rig may log very few miles a year
The driver should understand all the info imprinted on the sidewall of a..... A. rig B. door C. truck tire D. steering wheel
C. truck tire
According to NFPA 1911, check that the apparatus tires are inflated to the what? and always follow department tire inflation _ _ _ _.
- manufacturer’s recommended tire pressures
- SOPs
Can tires fail if driven continuously at highway speeds?
YES
Are tires subject to fire-service rating?
YES
Each manufacturer of tires will have a published ______ so you can customize the _________ to the actual axles weights.
- chart
- pressures
What 4 things should you consider when you set and maintain the tire pressure at the tire manufacturer’s pressure recommendations?
- correct tire size
- type
- load range (ply rating)
- measured in-service axle loads
What should you do after the exterior of the apparatus has been checked?
enter the cab to begin inspecting the interior
Adjust what at the seat of the interior when you get in to inspect? (3)
- mirrors
- seats
- seat belts
After you check the mirrors, seats and seat belts, what should you do?
start the engine and check all dashboard instruments for correct readings
After you start the engine and check all dashboard instruments for correct readings, what should you check in the cab as well?
any miscellaneous equipment stored there
What miscellaneous equipment might be stored in the cab that you need to inspect when you inspect the interior?
- breakdown kit with reflective triangles
- required paperwork from the jurisdiction
What might newer vehicles have that are intended to prevent an overload of a vehicle’s electrical generation system?
load management system
Due to the large amount of electrical equipment added to modern rigs, what might be a problem?
overload
To help with overload, in general, load management systems may incorporate a load S_______ or a load M________.
- sequencer
- monitor
What turns on lights at specified intervals so that the start-up load for all the devices does not occur at the same time in an electrical system?
load sequencer
What ‘watches’ the electrical system for added loads that may threaten overload?
load monitor
What will the load monitor do if an overload condition occurs and to prevent overload?
shut down less important electrical equipment
When the load monitor shuts down less important electrical equipment to prevent a overload, it is called.... A. overload stoppage B. electrical saving C. management D. load shedding
D. load shedding
If an inverter is activated to power two 500-watt flood lights, the load monitor might activate load shedding and shut down what two things? (example of load shedding)
air conditioning system or cab compartment lights
What must you understand to determine if the electrical system on your rig is operating properly?
the design of the electrical load management system
Should you know the difference between load shedding and an electrical system malfunction as a driver? YES OR NO
YES
When do yo need to check the adjustment of the clutch pedal when doing an interior inspection?
if the rig has a manual shift transmission
The clutch pedal should NOT have insufficient or excessive _____ ______ (also called free travel).
free play
Free play in a clutch pedal, is the ______ that the pedal must be _________ before the throw-out bearing actually contacts the clutch release ________.
- distance
- pushed
- fingers
What will cause the clutch to slip, overheat and wear out sooner than necessary as well as shorten the life of the throw-out bearing?
INSUFFICIENT free play
What might result from excessive free play?
clutch not releasing completely
With excessive free play resulting form the clutch not releasing completely, these 3 things might occur.
- harsh shifting
- gears clashing
- damage to gear teeth
What should the driver be aware of regarding free play in the vehicle they are assigned?
normal amount of free play
Who should check and adjust any clutch that does not APPEAR to have the proper amount of free play?
certified mechanic
An interior inspection should include:
- Electrical ______ management system
- _______ shift transmission
- steering _________
- ______ vehicle weight
-in cab fire/_____ equipment
- management
- manual
- system
- gross
- rescue
What 2 things should a driver inspect on the interior inspection of the steering system?
adjustment and reaction
When yo check the wheel for excessive play, what should happen to the front wheels?
no movement
In general, steering wheel play should be nor more than approximately ____ degree in either direction.
10
On a 20-inch diameter steering wheel, the play may be about __ inches in either directions if it should be approximately 10 degrees in either direction.
10% of 20 inches = 2 inches
If play is more than 2% percent in either direction on a steering wheel, it could indicate a serious problem that could result in…..
loss of vehicle control during routine and emergency driving conditions
Every vehicle has a placard with the _ _ _ _.
GVWR - gross vehicle weight rating
Every driver should be familiar with this placard and maintain the vehicle accordingly.
GVWR -gross vehicle weight rating
Commercial vehicles are required to have the GVWR - gross vehicle weight rating playcard in what kind of view?
plain
What is GVWR - gross vehicle weight rating sometimes confused with?
curb weight
______ weight is the weight of the an empty fire apparatus fresh off the assembly line with no tools, water, equipment or passengers.
curb
Manufacturers determine GVWR as the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ weight at which a vehicle can safely operate on roadways in IDEAL situations. A. maximum B. minimum C. most D. safest
A. maximum
What 2 other things might a placard with the GVWR - gross vehicle weight rating have on it?
- maximum weight for each axle
- tire pressure recommendations
Before placing any apparatus in service, you should load all compartments with intended IN SERVICE equipment, hose, water and crew. Then what should you do, and compare the results with?
weigh each axle and compare it to the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR)
Before placing any apparatus in service, you should load all compartments with intended IN SERVICE equipment, hose, water and crew. Then weigh each axle and compare it to the Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR). If the results are higher, do what?
remove or redistribute equipment until SAFE loads are acheived
Should a driver be aware of vehicles around them that are “over-grossed?”
YES
What might indicate a “over-grossed” vehicle? (2) (motor homes, trailers, pick-up trucks, etc.)
- swaying sided to side
- seem to be resting on their axles
NFPA 1901 AND 1911 say that a side-to-side variance in GAWR should not exceed __ %.
7
Where do many jurisdictions store fire and rescue equipment?
in the front and/or rear of the crew cab
Inspection of THIS equipment is NOT required to determine road worthiness on an interior inspection, but it is a vital part of maintaining readiness for emergency incidents.
fire and rescue equipment in he front and/or rear of cab
Fire and rescue equipment in he front and/or rear of cab should be in _____ order and _______ stowed.
- good
- securely
IFSTAs Essentials of Fire Fighting manual offers additional info on inspecting fire and rescue equipment for _________.
serviceability
Many serious fire apparatus collisions have been caused by what kind of brakes?
faulty
Federal, state and provincial laws may dictate how and when brakes are ______.
tested
Hydraulic braking systems may be found on….(2)
- smaller
- older vehicles
Since when have most commercial and private vehicles been equipped with antilock braking systems been built?
since 1990
Most large, modern fire dept. PUMPING apparatus are equipped with what kind of braking systems?
air-actuated (air brakes)
The NFPA and other sources have developed recommendations for ___ brake use.
air
What must build up pressure to sufficient levels within a defined period of time after starting the engine?
apparatus equipped with air brakes
If the engine must be run longer than the specified period of time to build up sufficient air pressure for air-actuated brakes (air brakes), who should INSPECT and REPAIR it? A. driver/operator B. company officer C. any ff capable D. certified mechanic
D. certified mechanic
What could be added to an apparatus to maintain adequate air pressure for an air-actuated braking system (air brakes)?
electrical air compressor
What could be used at the fire station to maintain adequate air pressure for an air-actuated braking system (air brakes)?
compressed air system
What might the addition of an electrical air compressor or connecting to a compressed air system at the fire house for an air-actuated braking system (air brakes) prevent?
delays in responding to emergencies
What on a apparatus with air brakes prevent air horns or other nonessential devices from operating when the pressure in the reservoir drops below 80 psi?
air pressure protection valve
Apparatus with air brakes have an air pressure protection valve that prevents air horns or other nonessential devices from operating when the pressure in the reservoir drops below __ psi.
80
Apparatus with air brakes have an air pressure protection valve that prevents air horns or other nonessential devices from operating when the pressure in the reservoir drops below 80 psi. Any deficiencies in this system must be REPORTED and REPAIRED by whom?
certified mechanic
What can develop causing rusting inside a compressed air tank?
moisture
What can the moisture that has developed in compressed air tanks do to cause malfunction of any air-operated system?
freeze during cold weather
What could you do to a compressed air tank to minimize or eliminate rust and freezing?
frequently drain
Even though newer rigs with compressed air tanks will have automatic air drain systems, the air tanks will still need to be _______ ________ in accordance with the AHJ’s MAINTENANCE schedule.
manually drained
If you find water in the air tanks or reservoirs while inspecting, what should you do? A. drain the tank B. report it for service maintenance C. nothing, a little water is normal D. flush it out
B. report it for service maintenance
What does antilock braking systems (ABS) reduce the possibility of during HEAVY braking? (3)
- jackknife
- slide
- spin
_ _ _ also assist the driver in keeping the apparatus in a ________ trajectory during heavy or emergency braking.
- ABS
- straight
Does ABS technology necessarily provide a faster stop?
NO
What does ABS greatly enhance?
controlled stop
Know and be familiar with they type and operation of the braking system used on your apparatus. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
According to NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus, how often should brakes be tested THOROUGHLY?
annually
According to NFPA 1911, Standard for the Inspection, Maintenance, Testing and Retirement of In-Service Automotive Fire Apparatus, brakes should be tested thoroughly annually. These tests determine braking ability while in ______ AND _______ the parking ____ while the vehicle is stopped.
- motion
- evaluate
- break
As defined by the AHJ inspection and maintenance schedule, the driver should conduct this test (required by many states and provinces before road operation of a commercial vehicle).
air brake test
Testing for air loss, air compressor builup , air warning, and emergency parking brake activation are all part of what? A. antilock brake test B. air brake test C. compressed air test D. hydraulic brake test
B. air brake test
Who is normally not expected to make repairs or adjustments to compensate for brake problems?
driver/operator
Apparatus with too much brake slack can be difficult to do this.
stop
What should be done if the slack adjusters are not operating within manufacturer’s specifications?
do not drive until a certified mechanic has made repairs
What device is between the activation pads and the brake pads and compensates for brake pad wear?
slack adjusters
Do all slack adjusters operate the same?
No, made by different manufacturers
Who should you always consult for more detailed information on braking systems and brake tests? (2)
- apparatus manufacturer’s operator’s manual
- laws affecting states and provinces
If the air brakes fail any test that do not perform in accordance with applicable state and provincial requirements, what should be done? Who has additional guidelines?
- taken out of service and repaired
- NFPA
The air brake test is designed to provide the driver with information that may not have WHAT?
otherwise been evident
IFSTA considers the air brake test procedures in the book to be the _____ acceptable daily air brake test. What might prevail as more restrictive? (2)
- minimal
- other laws or department policies
The daily air brake procedures might vary by ____ and ________.
state and province
Who is responsible to be familiar with all laws, policies, and manufacturer’s recommendations in the operator’s manual?
driver/operator
AFTER entire exterior, in-cab and air brakes tests are complete, the driver should shut off the engine and prepare to perform ____ and routine ______ maintenance in the ______ compartment.
- checks
- preventative
- engine
Depending on department policy or driver preference, engine checks and routine maintenance can be done BEFORE the engine has been started. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
If, depending on department policy or driver preference, engine checks and routine maintenance can be done BEFORE the engine has been started. Which fluid level readings must be considered due to a cold engine?
- crankcase oil
- transmission fluid
Most checks on the engine compartment should NOT be performed while the vehicle is running. TRUE or FALSE
Is there an exception?
- TRUE
- YES, transmission fluid level
Should you forget inspecting fluid levels manually because there are warning lights and gauges that will tell you if they are low?
NO
When inspecting a vehicle equipped with this, ensure that the control operates freely without binding and that the hold-open devise is latched.
tilt cab
A truck that uses a cab that lowers over the power train is a …..
tilt cab
When checking cab latches, check for the security of ______, _______ and accumulation of ______ fillings in the mechanism.
- mounting
- lubrication
- metal
What 2 things should you be cautious about before tilting the cab?
- adequate vertical clearance
- secured loose equipment in cab
What do many tilt cabs have to allow checking of engine oil, coolant and other fluids so you do not have to tilt it?
inspection doors
For a thorough inspection of the engine and fluids, the cab should be lifted how often?
on a weekly basis
Is there an established order in which to check the items in the engine compartment?
NO
What might a driver do in order to not miss/overlook any checked items in the engine compartment?
proceed in the order that is listed on the apparatus inspection form
To determine proper procedures and accepted FLUIDS for each vehicle, consult the.... A. operator's manual B. AHJ C. the shop D. the driver you relieve in the morning
A. operator’s manual
Diesel particulate filters (DPF) trap much of the _______ matter in ______ emissions. and provide ______ emissions.
- particulate
- exhaust
- cleaner
What process do diesel particulate filters (DPF) conduct periodically in which the exhaust temperature is raised in order to burn off particulate matter accumulated in the filter?
regeneration
In what mode of regeneration may the apparatus be operated normally?
automatic
If a vehicle does not have automatic regeneration and the filter becomes too contaminated what will happen? In turn, what will this condition prevent?
- reduced power and driving capability until it is complete
- use for emergency response.
After what date may vehicles equipped with DPF be also equipped with an exhaust after-treatment system called a Selective Catalyst Reductant (SCR)?
January 1, 2010
An exhaust after treatment system is called a….
Selective Catalyst Reductant (SCR)
What does a Selective Catalyst Reductant (SCR) use to further reduce emissions?
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF)
Where is the tank for Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) stored in relation to the DPF?
downstream of the DPF
Diesel Exhaust Fluid (DEF) is injected into the GAS in order to reduce WHAT emissions from diesel engines?
nitrogen oxide (NOx)
Should you check the DEF levels during inspection?
YES
When periodically inspecting the exhaust system, look for signs of cracks, _____, ensure pipe wrap or _______ is intact and undamaged and PAY CLOSE ATTENTION to the _____ and flex-pipes.
- leaks
- insulation
- joints
hen periodically inspecting the exhaust system, look for signs of cracks, leaks, ensure pipe wrap or insulation is intact and undamaged and PAY CLOSE ATTENTION to the joints and flex-pipes. In what year and older vehicles with DPFs is this extremely important?
2007
During regeneration, the exhaust gas can reach extremely high temps. Exhaust leaks can damage _________ components or set them on _____.
- surrounding
- fire
During regeneration, the exhaust gas can reach extremely high temps. Can these temps be present only behind the DPF?
No, it may be present in certain engines in front of the DPF as well.
Some departments may require the driver to perform routine chassis \_\_\_\_\_\_\_. A. checks B. weighing C. lubrication D. cleaning
C. lubrication
Proper lubrication helps PREVENT costly ____ and __-__-____ time,
- repairs
- out-of-service
Effective lubrication depends on use of the proper _____ lubricant, the frequency of lubrication, the ________ used, and ________ of lubrication.
- grade
- amount
- method
What should be considered when selecting the proper lubricant?
- requirements of the unit
- characteristics of the lubricant
- manufacturer’s recommendations
What manual will recommend the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) numbers for engine oil?
manufacturer’s manual
What does the number for oil that the SAE (Society of Automotive Engineers indicate ONLY about oil?
viscosity
Corrosion protection, foaming, sludging, and carbon accumulation are all what?
other essential characteristics of oil (besides viscosity)
Who might control the corrosion protection, foaming, sludging, and carbon accumulation characteristics of oil?
the refiner
What would you consult for the type of oil and location of fill ports and grease fittings?
operator’s manual
If you do not use the proper oil per manufacturer’s recommendations, it could lead to costly ______ and ________ system damage.
- engine
- emission
If chassis lubrication is within the driver responsibilities, what are the steps to complete this?
- be familiar with all lub fill points (diagram of fittings in most owner’s manuals)
- wipe fitting clean with shop rag
- press end of lub gun fill hose onto fitting
- operate pump handle on lub gun till resistance if felt
- continue around rig till all lub points have been filled
If you continue to pump after resistance is felt when operating the lubrication gun against a fitting, it will cause excessive pressure and damage what? A. the fitting B. rubber grease seals C. the gun fill hose D. the entire rig
B. rubber grease seals
What in terms of lubrication might a newer apparatus be equipped with?
automatic lubrication system
Should you follow manufacturer’s guidelines when operating the automatic lubrication system?
YES
In an automatic lubrication system, can some of the fittings NOT be automatic?
What should you do?
- YES
- consult owner’s manual to id those that are manually lubricated
Based on department policy, what might need checked that is not mentioned in the book regarding the engine and apparatus? What should you do after checked?
- additional equipment
- document each item according to local requirements
Most modern truck batteries are WHAT?
-maintenance free
What should a driver check on a battery? (3)
- cables connections are tight
- they are connected with a film of grease, petroleum jelly, or battery terminal protection product
- for corrosion
Older apparatus may still have batteries that required the addition of WHAT to replenish the cell’s fluid as it evaporates over time. Keep it topped off!!
distilled water
Either keep an older battery that needs topped off with distilled water full or….
A. use alcohol
B. connect it to a charging station
C. remove it after each run
D. replace it with a maintenance free battery
D. replace it with a maintenance free battery
Keep batteries.... A. clean B. charged C. covered D. cold
A. clean
What do most automotive batteries contain? (2)
- lead
- sulfuric acid
What should you look for signs of in a battery?
cracks or leaks
Is leaking battery acid highly or not very corrosive and hazardous if it gets on your skin or eyes?
highly
What kind of gas can automotive batteries give off?
hydrogen
Hydrogen is highly _________ and a mere spark can _______ it.
- explosive
- ignite
Some automotive batteries contain vents to allow gas to escape. What can any ignition source or even a cigarette near it cause? (2)
- explosion
- fire
What will likely throw caustic acid into your eyes or skin?
a battery detonation
Should you ventilate an area when working on a battery? Wear personal protective equipment?
YES and YES
What kind of PPE should you wear around batteries?
safety googles and acid resistant gloves
In some jurisdictions, drivers may responsible for doing THIS to batteries needing jump-starting because long periods of inactivity or improper drain on the electrical system.
charging
If your apparatus regularly requires charging or jump-starting, what should you do so that corrective measures may be taken?
report to the department mechanic
Where is charging from a battery charger generally preformed?
fire station
Why should a driver be proficient at charging a battery at the fire station from a charger?
apparatus might need to rapidly be used for an emergency
Newer apparatus may be equipped with an _________ charging system.
onboard
Newer apparatus may be equipped with jumper _____ to facilitate jump-starting without ______ accessing the battery.
- studs
- directly
If you are away from the fire house and need to jump the Rig, what might have to be used?
connection to another vehicle with jumper cables
What 3 considerations must a driver have before jump-starting a vehicle?
- power source vehicle has same voltage electrical system as apparatus to prevent system damage to either one
- check manufacturer’s operation manual before jumping or charging to ensure you are jumping to the correct battery (most rigs have more than one)
- be sure jumper cables are connected to the specified battery in the recommended manner. everyone in the area needs to have PPE (including eye protection)
Everything before the posttrip inspection in the book are intended to be performed before the operation of the vehicle. TRUE or FALSE
TRUE
Each jurisdiction may adopt its own procedure for posttrip inspections that may include prudent inspections that need to be performed _________ the apparatus has operated for an ______ period of time or has completed a ______ road trip.
- after
- extended
- long
IFSTA recommends what for posttrip inspections?
some of the same procedures used for pretrip inspections
Fire pumps are tested at _______ scheduled intervals to compare actual performance to specific ________.
- regularly
- standards
To detect deficiencies or failures of the fire pump and fire suppression equipment, fire departments should require what? Who might perform these in the fire department?
- regular inspections
- the driver in some/mechanics in others
Some items to detect deficiencies or failures of the fire pump and fire suppression equipment should be checked ______ while other checks may be performed on a ________ routine.
- daily
- weekly
What is an example of an “as needed” basis for a check on an apparatus pump before it is put back in service?
pump drafting from static supply, pump and piping should be thoroughly flushed
When you get an apparatus back from the shop or you perform a repair, what should be done to ensure that all the work has been properly completed in accordance with manufacturer’s guidelines and AHJ?
post-maintenance/repair inspection
When checking for tire bulges, they should not be greater than.... A. 1/2 inch B. 3/8 inch C. 1 inch D. 3/4 inch
B. 3/8 inch
